分词结果状语

1、he didnt arrive until the game had begun. 直到比赛开始他才到来。 (not until the game had begun did he arrive.) we wont come home until it is dark. 我们不到天黑不回家。 (not until it is dark will we come home.) 高考直击 完成句子 (2013福建卷改编) not until he went through real hardship _ (realize)the love we have for our families is i

2、mportant. 答案：did he realize考查倒装。句意：直到他经历了真正的艰难困苦，他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是重要的。not until属于否定意义的词，放在句首，主句要用部分倒装，根据句意可知realize这一动作应发生在went through之后，故用一般过去时。 即学即用 完成句子 直到他回来我们才吃饭。 not until he returned_supper. 答案：did we have 巩 固 提 升 .根据提示写出单词的适当形式 1they make a visit to hawaii_(annual) 2their friendship_(flower)whi

3、le they were at college. 3she is_(extreme)busy，so she has to budget her time carefully. 4it is great to hear about your recent_(promote) 5shanghai is the biggest_(commerce)city along the eastern coast of china. 6christopher columbus is one of the famous_ (explore)in history. 7most insects do not liv

4、e in_(pole)region. 8this creature lives in the_(deep)of the ocean. 答案：1.mercial6.explorers7.polar8.depth .选择适当的短语并用其适当形式填空 on average；adapt to；be made up of；in the form of；stand out；set foot on；in particular；free from 1it was a good concerti enjoyed the l

5、ast song _. 2_，the study tours are 40 days. 3her talents_compared with the others. 4nobody has ever_the lonely island. 5i can_new developments quickly. 6the medical team_five doctors and three nurses. 7the novel is cast_a diary. 8she cant write a single sentence_ mistakes. 答案：1.in particular2.on ave

6、rage3.stand out4.set foot on5.adapt to6.is made up of7.in the form of8free from .单项填空 1the newcomers found it impossible to_themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country. asuitbadapt cregulate drelate 答案：b句意为：这些新来者发现，要完全适应这个新国家的气候以永久定居下来是不可能的。adapt oneself to使自己适应

7、；suit合某人意，衣服款式(色彩)适合某人，使适合于(口味、兴趣、工作)；regulate(用法律)掌管，控制(机器、设备)，调节；relate.to把联系到一起。 2an important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the_of your mind. astate bcase csituation dcircumstance 答案：a句意：决定你在考试中的表现的一个重要因素是你的精神状态。state状态，状况；case情况；situation形势；circumstance环境，情况。 3

8、he was _to general manager because of his excellent work in the company. apromoted bproduced cproposed dprogrammed 答案：apromote促进，发扬；提升；produce产生，制造，引起 ；propose提议，建议；提名，推荐；求婚；programme为安排节目，为制订计划。故a项符合题意要求。 4the pilot was_tired with the long time flying. aextremely bnaturally cbasically despecially 答

9、案：a考查副词的词义辨析。a项意为“极端地”；b项意为“自然地”；c项意为“基本上”；d项意为“尤其，特别地”。根据句意“飞行了这么长时间这个飞行员非常疲惫”，可知答案为a。 5i was_telling him all i knew. atrap into btrapped ctrapped for dtrapped into 答案：d句意为：我中计了，把所知道的一切都告诉了他。trap o sth./doing sth.“用计捕捉某人或使某人上当”，此处为被动语态。 6hes an ordinary man，and doesnt_in a crowd. astand for b

10、stand up cstand by dstand out 答案：d句意为：他是个普通人，在人群中并不引人注目。stand for代表；stand up站起来；stand by袖手旁观；stand out突出，显现出来。 7where shall we go to spend the weekend? nowhere_，anywhere you like. ain all bin general cin case din particular 答案：d句意是：“我们在哪儿度周末？”“没有什么特别的地方，你愿意去哪儿就去哪儿吧。”此句要用in particular表示“特别的”。in all“总

11、共”；in general“总的来说”；in case“以防”。 8it was cold outside.the boy ran into the room_his nose red. ato bon cin dwith 答案：d“withn./pron.形容词”作伴随状语。句意：“外面天很冷，那人男孩跑进屋子时，鼻子红红的。 3on average 平均 we received 20 calls a day on average. 我们平均每天接到20个电话。 知识拓展 average n. 平均，平均数；平均水平 adj.一般的，普通的；中等的； v平均达到，平均做到 below/abo

12、ve average 在平均水平以下(以上) with an average of 平均为 there was nothing special about the meal；it was average. 饭菜没什么特别，挺平常的。 即学即用 完成句子 (1)他平均每天花两小时读书。 he spends_two hours a day on reading. (2)使他们非常高兴的是，他们儿子的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。 to their great joy，their sons schoolwork is well_. (3)每天平均有1,500人经过此地。 _1,500 persons p

13、ass here every day. 答案：(1)on (the)average(2)above average (3)an average of 4in the form of 以的形式 water exists in the form of both fluid and liquid. 水既是流体又是液体。 i like to learn english in the form of speaking. 我喜欢以说的方式学习英语。 知识拓展 be in the form 处于良好的竞技状态 be out of form 处于不良的竞技状态 if she is in the form，sh

14、e can win the match easily. 如果状态良好的话，她就能轻松赢得这场比赛。 smith is out of form and is unlikely to run in the 10002metre race tomorrow. 史密斯身体状况不佳，明天不大可能参加100米的比赛。 即学即用 完成句子 如果你以问句的形式提出请求听上去会有礼貌得多。 youd sound a lot more polite if you make a request _a question. 答案：in the form of 5stand out突出，显眼，远远超过；坚决抵抗(后常接a

15、gainst与from) his height makes him stand out in the crowd. 他的身高使他在人群中很突出。 mary stood out against the enemy but john gave up. 玛丽挺身抵抗敌人，但约翰却屈服了。 知识拓展 stand for 代表，象征；容忍，忍受 stand by 袖手旁观；信守，遵守 stand up for sb./ sth.为说话，支持 图解助记 即学即用 用适当的介副词填空 (1)dont just stand_.cant you lend a hand? (2)the uk stands_the

16、 united kingdom. (3)didnt anyone stand_james and say it wasnt his fault? 答案：(1)by(2)for(3)up for 6set foot on到达，进入。有时可与set foot in换用。 the overseas chinese are very glad to set foot on their homeland. 华侨们非常高兴踏上祖国的土地。 he said he would never set foot in that house again. 他说他永远也不会再踏进那所房子了。 知识拓展 be set i

17、n以为背景 set sail启航 set about(doing)sth.着手(做)某事 set off出发，动身；使爆炸 set back把(钟表)往回拨；阻碍 set up竖立；创立，建立 set out(to do sth.)出发；着手(做某事) set free释放，放出 即学即用 完成句子 她说她再也不愿进入那房子了。 she said she would never_that house again. 答案：set foot on/in 7in particular尤其；特别 the whole meal was good but the wine in particular wa

18、s excellent. 整顿饭都很好，葡萄酒尤其好。 is there anything in particular youd like for dinner? 晚餐你有什么特别想吃的菜吗？ 注意：in particularparticularlyespecially，但in particular应置于名词或代词之后。 i like meat in general，and mutton in particular. 总的来说，我喜欢吃肉，特别是羊肉。 知识拓展 be particular about对挑剔 marty is very particular about his food. 马蒂

19、对食物很挑剔。 即学即用 完成句子 你今晚有什么特别的事要做吗？ are you doing anything_tonight? 答案：in particular 1with annual rainfall close to zero，antarctica is technically a desert. 南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。 “with宾语形容词”构成的复合结构在句中作原因状语。with复合结构常用作后置定语和状语，表示伴随情况、时间、原因、方式和条件等。 with the guide leading the way，we got there in time.

20、 有向导带路，我们及时到达了那里。 the office with the window open is ours. 开着窗子的办公室是我们的。 注意：现在分词作宾补时须和宾语之间构成主动关系，过去分词作宾补时与宾语之间是被动关系，而不定式作宾补，表示将要发生的动作，不定式动词和宾语之间可以是主动或被动关系。 即学即用 语法填空 (1)the old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog_(follow)them. (2)_two exams to worry about，i have to w

21、ork really hard this weekend. 答案：(1)following(2)with 2a high mountain range，the trans02antarctic range，runs from east to west，cutting the continent in two. 一座高山山脉，从东至西，将南极洲分成两块。 本句中的cutting the continent in two是现在分词短语，作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语时，常放在句末，用逗号与其他部分隔开。其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是整个句子。 he didnt come today，ma

22、king it necessary for us to find someone to do his work. 他今天没来，因而我们必须找人接替他的工作。 a number of new machines were installed in the factory，thus resulting in an increase in production. 这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而提高了产量。 their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay. 他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。 知识拓展 现在分词和动词不定式作结果状

23、语的区别： (1)不定式作结果状语，通常表示继谓语动词动作之后发生的一个相反或出乎意料的结果，常表达“没想到”“结果却”“不料”等意思。其前常加only以强调这一意外的结果。 after the meeting，they parted，never to see each other. 散会后他们就分开了，从此再也没有见面。 i rushed to the school，only to find it was sunday. 我急忙朝学校跑去，结果发现是星期天。 (2)分词作结果状语，通常表示一个自然而然的、意料之中的结果，是主句谓语动词动作的直接结果。 many trees had been

24、blown down by the high winds，blocking roads，paths and railway lines. 许多树被狂风刮倒，把大小道路和铁路都堵塞了。 高考直击 语法填空 (1)(2014天津改编) anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ (find)it didnt fit. 答案：to find本题考查的不定式做结果状语。在非谓语动词中，不定式常常和only连用，表示意料之外的结果。现在分词doing常常表示意料之中的结果。句意：她很着急地把裙子从包装里

25、拿了出来试穿了一下，结果却发现裙子不合适。说明这是意料之外的结果，所以使用不定式。 (2)(2013新课标全国卷改编)the sunlight is white and blinding, _(throw)hard02edged shadows on the ground. 答案： throwing考查非谓语动词。句意：阳光明亮而刺眼，在地上投射出轮廓清晰的影子。throw这一动作和主语sunlight之间是主动关系，且强调一种自然的结果，所以应用动词ing的主动形式。 即学即用 语法填空 (1)he made a long speech only_(show)his ignorance of

26、 the subject. (2)her husband died last year，_(leave)her with five children. 答案：(1)to show(2)leaving 3strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline，while other winds blow round the coast. 地心引力牵引强风从极地吹向海岸，还有别的风徘徊在海岸。 本句是并列句，while是并列连词，意为“而”，用于前后两者的对比。 boys are good at maths while

27、girls are good at language. 男孩擅长数学而女孩却擅长语言。 carbon is an element, while carbon dioxide is a compound. 碳是元素，而二氧化碳是化合物。 知识拓展 while的另外两种重要用法： (1)while表示“当时候”，表示主句动作发生的背景，从句的谓语动词是延续性动词。 the telephone rang while i was in the garden. 我在花园里的时候电话铃响了。 (2)while表示“虽然但是”。 while i like the color of the hat，i do

28、not like its shape. 我虽然喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但却不喜欢它的样式。 即学即用 完成句子 别人在工作时，别高声谈话。 please dont talk so loud_. 答案：while others are working 4not until the late 18th century did the british explorer james cook cross the antarctic circle，but he never saw land. 直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。 not.until的意思是“直到才”，

29、有时为了加强语气，可将not until提前放在句首，这时，句子须用部分倒装语序，即将助动词放在主语的前面。试比较： the noise of the street didnt stop until midnight. 街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。 (not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.) 但是，如果not.until连接的是含状语从句的复合句，用于倒装语序时只倒装主句部分，从句部分(即until后面的从句)不倒装。 6trap (1)vt.储存，留存；被困住 because of global warming，the ear

30、th is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere. 因为全球变暖，地球由于被困在大气层中的气体变热了。 (2)vt.使陷入困境 some miners were trapped underground after the collapse. 塌方后，有些矿工被困在地下。 (3)vt.& vi.设陷阱捕捉；设陷阱；设圈套 the bear was trapped. 那只熊被陷阱所困。 he made his living by trapping. 他以捕捉野兽为生。 (4)n.陷阱；圈套 the police set a trap to catch

31、the thief. 警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。 知识拓展 (1)trap o(doing)sth.诱使某人做某事 be/get trapped in被困于 (2)set/lay a trap设下圈套 be caught in a trap落入圈套 即学即用 完成句子 (1)温室能够保暖是因为玻璃可以储存太阳的热量。 a greenhouse stays warm because the glass_ _of the sun. (2)他们用巧妙的盘问诱使他招认了。 by clever questioning they_making a confession. 答案：(1)traps

32、 the heat(2)trapped him into 7mass (1)n. 团、块、堆、片、群、众多；大量；大宗 大部分；主要部分 大众；民众(the masses) 集团纵队；密集队形 质量(不可数名词) i have masses of work to do. 我有许许多多的工作要做。 the mass of public opinion is in favor of the new foreign policy. 大部分的舆论拥护新的外交政策。 i wonder if they are truly concerned with the interests of the masses

33、. 我不知道他们是否真正关心民众的利益。 (2)adj. 大众的；民众的 大量的；大规模的；大批的 mass education is essential in promoting democracy. 民众教育对提倡民主是非常重要的。 (3)v. 聚集(起来) mass forces for action集结兵力准备作战 flies are massing over there. 那边苍蝇密布。 即学即用 完成句子 (1)下雨前，天空有一团云。 before the rain，the sky has _clouds. (2)河里有很多冰。 there are_ice in the river

34、. 答案：(1)a mass of(2)masses of 8balance (1)vt.& vi.(使)平衡；(使)均衡 believe it or not，he can balance on one toe. 信不信由你，他能用一个脚趾保持身体的平衡。 the company balances its accounts every month. 这家公司每月账目收支平衡。 (2)n.平衡；余额 ive got a good sense of balance and learned to ski quite quickly. 我的平衡感很好，很快就学会了滑雪。 i must check my

35、 bank balance. 我要核对一下我在银行的余额。 知识拓展 keep ones balance 保持平衡 lose ones balance 失去平衡 keep.in balance 使处于平衡 keep the balance of nature 保持自然界的生态平衡 on balance 总的来说，全面考虑之后 balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的 balanced diet 均衡饮食 即学即用 完成句子 (1)他已经学会了平衡工作与生活。 she has learned to_and life. (2)骑自行车可以培养平衡感。 riding a bike helps dev

36、elop_. 答案：(1)balance the work(2)a sense of balance 9commercial (1)adj. 商业的；营利性的 firstly，gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. 首先，园艺师一直用它大量生产市场销售用的植物。 (2)n. c商业广告 单词积累 commerce n. u商业；贸易 commodity nc商品；日用品 our country has been trying to broaden its commerce with ot

37、her nations. 我们国家一直在努力扩大与其他国家的贸易往来。 即学即用 完成句子 这部电影的票房收入非常可观。 the film was_success. 答案：a huge commercial 10test nc试验v试验；考查 laboratory tests show that the new drug is very effective. 实验室测试表明这种新药十分有效。 this task is designed to test your reading skills. 这项任务的目的是考查你的阅读能力。 知识拓展 test out试验；考验 they opened a

38、single store in europe to test out the market. 他们在欧洲开了一家商店，检验一下市场情况。 辨析 test，check，examine，experiment test 表示“以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准”。 check 指“校对(文章、书信等)”或“检查，核查”。 examine 表示“察看或观察以了解情况，仔细检查”。 experiment 表示“为了发现或证明某个事实而进行操作”。 the water should be tested for lead. 这水要检查含铅量。 get your answers checked

39、before you hand in the papers. 上交试卷前，检查一遍你的答案。 lie down and let me examine you. 躺下让我给你检查一下。 the teacher provided some different materials and left the children to experiment. 老师提供了几种不同材料让孩子们试验。 即学即用 完成句子 这架新飞机是沈阳产的，下周要对其进行检验。 this is a new plane made in shenyang，which is going to be _next week. 答案：t

40、ested out 11promote vt.促进，促成；提升，晋升；宣传，推广(产品) advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote products. 广告公司总是不得不想新法子来促销产品。 he worked hard and soon was promoted. 他工作很努力，不久就被提升了。 we are spending millions of pounds on promoting our new cat food. 我们正在花费几百万英镑宣传我们的新猫粮。 知识拓展 promoti

41、on n. 提升，升级；促销活动 promoter n. 筹办人，发起者，支持者 promotional adj. 广告宣传的；推销的 辨析 promote，advance promote指积极地支援或鼓励某项运动、主义、计划等，以协助其成长、前进或发展。 advance指促使向某个目标前进。 he has been devoted to promoting goodwill between the two countries. 他致力于增进两国友好关系。 scientific research advances knowledge. 科学研究增长人类知识。 即学即用 完成句子 (1)她已被提

42、升为总经理。 she has been_general manager. (2)你有没有什么推销我们新产品的好办法？ do you have any good ways to_？ 答案：(1)promoted to(2)promote our new product 1run away逃离；突然离开 he broke the window and ran away. 他打破窗子逃跑了。 he ran away from home at the age of thirteen. 他13岁时离家出走了。 知识拓展 (1)run away from sth.避开；回避 her suicide bid

43、 is an attempt to run away from reality. 她想自杀以逃避现实。 (2)run across 与不期而遇；偶然碰到 i ran across one of my old friends yesterday. 昨天我偶然碰到我的一位老朋友。 (3)run after 追逐，追赶；追求 that dog was running after a rabbit. 那条狗正在追赶一只兔子。 (4)run out 用完，耗尽 run out of 用完，耗尽；从跑出 our supplies soon ran out at that time. 那时我们的供给很快用完

44、了。 he is always running out of money before payday. 他总是没到发工资的日子就把钱花完了。 即学即用 请用run的相关短语填空。 (1)they have_ink. (2)if you_two hares，you will catch neither. (3)guess whom i_in town today! (4)have you found the book？the playtime is_. 答案：(1)run out of(2)run after(3)ran across/into(4)running out 2close to接近

45、于，几乎 it was close to one fifteen am. 时间已近子夜一点十五分。 the new library is close to completion. 新图书馆快要竣工了。 知识拓展 (1)get close to接近 i cant get close to her and i cant talk to her. 我无法靠近她，也不能跟她说话。 (2)close adv.接近地adj.亲密的；靠近的v关 the close friend close to the door closed the door. 靠近门的那位好朋友关上了门。 辨析 close to，nea

46、r he is very close to his father. 他和父亲很亲近。 he lives near the school. 他住在学校附近。 close to 可以表示在空间上和时间上的接近，或指人与人之间的相互关系密切，比near接近的程度要强。 near 只能表示空间和时间上的接近。 即学即用 翻译句子 (1)别接近那所屋顶正在修理的房子。 _ (2)他所说的非常接近事实。 _ 答案：(1)dont get close to the house whose roof is under repair. (2)what he said was very close to the

47、truth. 成才之路 英语 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 外研版 选修8 deep south module 1 1.1.1集合的概念 第一课时introduction & reading and vocabulary(1) 1.1.1集合的概念 module 1 课内合作探究 2 巩 固 提 升 3 课后强化作业 4 课前自主预习 1 课前自主预习 .重点单词 1探险者(n.)_探险；勘探(v.)_勘查(n.)_ 2每年的(adj.)_一年一度地(adv.)_ 3降水量；降雨量(n.)_ 4状态；状况(n.)_ 5深度(n.)_深深的(adj.)_ 6荒凉的，不适宜居住的(adj.)_

48、7极端的，极度的(adj.)_极端地，极其，非常(adv.)_ explorer explorer exploration annual annually rainfall state depth deep inhospitable extreme extremely 8开花(v.)_ 9储存，留存(v.)_ 10块，堆，团(n.)_ 11使平衡(v.)_ 12(不断的)竞争(n.)_ 13商业的(adj.)_商业(n.)_ 14核的，核能的(adj.)_ 15试验(n.)_ 16促进，增进(v.)_ flower trap mass balance rivalry commercial co

49、mmerce nuclear test promote 1run_逃离；突然离开 2_average平均 3adapt_适应 4_the form of以的形式 5stand_突出，显眼 6set foot_进入，到达 away on to in out on .语篇感知 read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks. antarctica，the coldest place on earth，is the fifth largest continent in the world.the conditions there are quite

50、 1._with nearly no 2._.98 percent of the surface is covered 3._by ice and strong winds driven by 4._blow from the pole to the coastline.however，it is full of wildlife like the famous 5._，which can 6._its hard conditions. the ice there has become a window on the past with gases and minerals 7._in it.

51、it was not until 1895 that the norwegian 8._called carstens borchgrevink 9._the antarctic mainland.in 1961,12 countries signed a 10._to make it the worlds biggest nature reserve.today scientists from all over the world go there to study its resources and to work together for progress and peace. 答案：1

52、.extreme2.rainfall3.permanently4.gravity 5penguins6.adapt to7.trapped8.explorer9.set foot on10.treaty 课内合作探究 1explore (1)vt. 探索；调查研究；勘探；考察；在探险 we must explore all the possibilities for the solution to the problem. 我们必须探讨解决这个问题的所有可能性。 tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys

53、 (小巷，胡同)of old beijing. 如果想去老北京的胡同探秘，三轮脚踏车绝对是值得一坐的。 (2)vi. 探索；勘探；考察；探险 explore for oil 勘探石油 the children have gone exploring in the woods. 孩子们去林中探险了。 单词积累 (1)explorer n探索者；勘探者；探险者 his father is an arctic explorer. 他的爸爸是个北极探险家。 (2)exploration n. 探索；勘探 即学即用 语法填空 the north sea has been an important cen

54、tre for oil_ (explore) 答案：exploration 2annual adj.每年的；年度的 nc年鉴；年刊 he helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration. 他帮助捕鲸队捕捉季节性迁徙途中的须鲸。 with annual rainfall close to zero，antarctica is technically a desert. 南极洲的年降雨量接近于零，是一个不折不扣的沙漠。 annual income 年收入 单词积累 annually adv. 每年 anniversary n. 周年纪念日；周年纪念 即学即用 完成句子 他的年收入约为10万美元。 _is about $ 100,000. 答案：his annual income 3state vt. 陈述；说明；n. 国家；(美国的)州；政府；状态；状况 the witness stated that he had never seen the man before. 证人说他以前从未见过该男子。 all the industry is owned by the state. 全部工业都归国家所有。 h