高中英语语法专题--定语从句

1、定语从句,定语从句在句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词 。 定语从句三要素：先行词，关系代词和关系副词，从句。 关系代词有who、whom、whose 、that ，which 、as。关系副词有where 、 when 、 why。 定语从句分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,定语从句分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制限定，不用逗号分开. 非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加说明，关系不密切，主句与从句之间用逗号分开,不能用that连接,指物只用which This is the house (that/which/省略) we bought last month. Thi

2、s house, which we bought last month, is very nice.,代表人,代表物,定语从句中关系代词的使用,1. who/whom/that /which作宾语可省略,2. 介词whom/which , 不能用who/that,且不能省略 Is this the library from which you borrow books?,The man (whom/who/that) I spoke to is Mr. Li. This is the mountain (that/which) I told you about.,The man to whom

3、 I spoke is Professor Li.,介词+关系代词,1.指人:_ 指物:_,2.选择恰当的介词,whom,which,Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 2. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 3. Ill never forget the days_which we worked t

4、ogether 4. Who can give me the reason _which he hasnt arrived yet? 5.I dont like the way_ which he gives the speech. .,about,on,for,in,in/不填,6. The scientist,_whom my father worked,went abroad last week. 7.Theres a big window in my room_which I can see the railway station. 8.Villagers here depend on

5、 the fishing industry,_ which there wont be much work. .,1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2.Is there anything else_you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it,4. Please take the second chair_is

6、 over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that,5.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it,6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that, that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,I am sure she has something

7、(that) you can borrow.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(

8、4)先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。,It is the best book (that )I have ever read.,（ 5）先行词既有人又有物时，这个定语从句只用that,而不用who (whom)和which引导。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. （6）先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句只用that,而不用who, (whom)和which引导。 Who is the person that is standing at t

9、he gate? Which is the bike that you lost? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? (7)两个定从,第一个用 which ,第二个用that They built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.,关系副词的用法,关系副词,When _状语,Where _状语,Why _状语,时间,地点,原因,(一般情况)可以与介词+关系代词替换,1.Have you vis

10、ited the house _ the famous writer was born. A.in that B.where C.when D.on which,2.Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A.that B.on that C.where D.when,3.I shall never forget those days _ I spent in the country with the farmers。 A.that. B.when. C.in which. D.when.,5.This is the house_ I wor

11、ked two years ago. This is the house_ I visited two years ago. 6.The film brought the hours back to me_I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A.until B.that C.when D.where,7. The reason_he was absent is that he has been ill. 8. The reason_he told me is that he has been ill. 9.The reason_

12、he explained to me is that he has been ill. 10.I dont know the reason _ you were absent from the meeting ,and I am not sure that someone will tell me the reason _ you havent told me .,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,1. The man who came here yesterday has come again. 2.He lives in another town, which is only about

13、 an hours ride from here. 3. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 4.He has a son who/that works in HongKong. 5. .He has a son , who works in HongKong.,as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。,as引导的定语从句可位于句首或句末；which引导的定语从句却不能位于句首。 As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. He was l

14、ate for school, as often happened.,对这两个词作如下归纳：,1、如果定语放主句后，可用as也可以用which. He failed to pass the exam, as (=which) is natural. Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before.,2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。 As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.,只用as 的情况,句首时 表示“正如,正像”时 as we know /as is known to all, as we expected/ as is expected, as is said /mentioned above/pointed out, as it is/ as often happens, as anyboby can see, the same as与the same that suchas 与 such .tha