名词性从句 主语,表语,宾语和同位语从句经典课件

1、Noun Clause名词性从句,1、本讲内容： 学习名词性从句。 2、学习要求： （1）掌握名词性从句的种类。 （2）引导名词性从句的连接词。 （3）初步学会运用名词性从句。,名词性从句,3、学习指导： （1）本讲重点： 名词性从句的种类。 （2）本讲难点： 名词性从句的语序。,4、典型例题解析：,名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。它的功能相当于名词，引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类。,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句 ( The Subjec

2、t Clause),宾语从句 ( The Object Clause),表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause),同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause),主语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,the people.,surprised,That,What he said what he did,主语,That he didnt know the answer,主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）,定义： 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that, w

3、hether；连接代词who, what和which；连接副词when, where, how和why。,ks5u精品课件,1) 由what等代词引起的主语从句： What the teacher said today was quite right. 老师今天说的话是十分正确的。,用法：,ks5u精品课件,2) 由连词that引起的主语从句： That they are badly in need of help is quite clear. 他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。 但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。,ks5u精品课件,3) 由连接代词或连接

4、副词以及whether引起的主语从句。 Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided. 他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。,ks5u精品课件,4) whatever, whoever也可引导主语从句。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。 Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。,ks5u精品课件,注意: 上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首, 但有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用

5、it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。,ks5u精品课件,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. / n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 2) It +不及物动词+从句 It seems/appears that. 似乎 It happened that. 碰巧,ks5u精品课件,3) It + be

6、 +过去分词+从句 It is said that. 据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that. 据信;人们相信 It is suggested that. 有人建议,ks5u精品课件,It must be pointed out that. 必须指出 It has been proved that. 已证明. 如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed. 据信, 至少

7、有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。,ks5u精品课件,5) . 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时有感情色彩。,ks5u精品课件,Tips,Put an IT at the beginning Instead of the long clause.,Never use IF instead of WHETHER here.,ks5u精品课件,practice,practise,2. _ they can solve

8、 the question is still unknown. A. If B. Which C. Whether D. What,3. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody. A. Why B. What C. That D. Who,4. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It,1. _ we need more practice is quite obvious. A. What

9、B. That C. When D. /,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present 3. _ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known. 4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,Tha

10、t,What,That,Whether,Whoever,ks5u精品课件,表语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,That,is,the fact.,表 语,what he needs. what he gave me. why he was late. because he was ill. what has happened.,表语从句： 定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的表语，这个从句就叫作表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。,ks5u精品课件,(1) This was what Tom was readin

11、g. (2) The truth is that I have never been there. (3) It looks as if it is going to rain. (4) The reason why he was late was that he got up late. (5) This is how we overcame the difficulties. (6) That is why she was absent yesterday. (7) The house is where Lu Xun once lived.,表词从句：,that 引导的表语从句 that

12、仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。 e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.,ks5u精品课件,2. whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作何成分。 e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,3. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词

13、where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。 e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,ks5u精品课件,特殊用法:,1.because 引导的表语从句.的结构. 2.as if / as t

14、hough引导的表语从句常 在连系 动词 look , seem, sound , be , become 后面.,My anger is because you havnt finish your homework.,It seemed as if the brothers were playing a joke on Henrry.,宾语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,He told me,the news.,that the match had been cancelled.,宾语,how much he was prepared to pay for

15、my car.,that I could have the money without delay.,how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the money without delay.,when he was leaving for Paris.,that his father was working in that school.,宾语从句,3、宾语从句,1、用作及物动词的宾语 (1) They pretended that they were reading in the room. (2) I

16、 didnt know what they were talking about. (3) Do you know why winter is colder than summer? (4) He couldnt tell where his home was. (5) John made the boy sit still, promising that nothing would hurt him.,用作及物动词的宾语,引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去，特别在口语中是这样。 whether 和 if 引导的宾语从句： whether 和 if 引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用wh

17、ether不用if。,注意：,（1） 在whether or not结构中不可用if代替whether I dont know whether or not hell come. I wonder whether it is true or not.,（2）介词后面的宾语从句用whether，不用if.,Everything depends on whether the situation will improve. （后面要讲到介词后面的宾语从句）,(3) whether 可用在不定式前，if 则不能.,Please tell me whether to go or not.,2、用作介词的

18、宾语从句： I was pleased by what he told me. He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says. He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son.,用作介词的宾语从句：,注意：介词的宾语从句一般不用which和if来引导，而要分别用what和whether来引导。如：,Are you sorry for what youve done? Everything depends on whether we have enough

19、experience. 不可用if,which不可以,这类形容词常见的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。 (1) I am sure you looked beautiful that evening. (2) We were not surprised that he returned three days later than expected.,3、用作某些形容词的宾语从句：,(3) Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that

20、 he could see nothing. (4) Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams.,注意：如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：,(1) We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. (2) He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,注意：,这种句型的谓语动词有thin

21、k, make, feel, find, consider.,同位语从句,复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句,I, Hu Hansan, am coming back.,同位语语,The news that our team won the game made us so happy.,同位语从句,同位语从句,1. 同位语从句一般跟在某些名词如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等的后面，

22、用以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。如: The news that his heath is failing made us sad. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.,2. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子结构显得平衡。如： He got the news from Mary that the meeting was put off.,3. 同位语从句通常由that引导，但that不在从句中充当成分，也不能省略；同位语从句也可以由whether, when, where, h

23、ow等引导。如： They raised the question where we should go.,4. 引导同位语从句表示“是否”时，只能用whether而不用if。 They raised the question whether we should go.,5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 从词类上区别：同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion等；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，也可以是整个句子。,Eg: The news that our team has won the final match is

24、encouraging.,Eg: The old man that/who is talking to my teacher is my grandfather.,从性质上区别：同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明；定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词，用来修饰前面的名词、代词或句子。,The news _ he told us yesterday is not true, but the news _ our team has won the match is true.,（that）,that,从引导词及其在句中的成分上区别:有些引导词如how, whe

25、ther等可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。,They raised the question how we go to Tibet.,They raised the question whether we should go.,The way that/ in which you taught me was very good,定语从句的引导词均在从句中充当特定的句子成分。如: I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother. (that引导同位语从句，对fact进行说明, that不充当句子成分。) I wont believe

26、 the fact (that) he told me. (that引导定语从句, 对fact进行限定，that在从句中充当宾语。),I. 在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定语从句和同位语从句完整。,1. This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year. 2. Ill never forget the days _ I worked together with you. 3. Please pass me the book _ cover is green.,where,when,whose,Exercises,4. Is this the re

27、ason _ he refused our offer? 5. The person to _ you spoke is a famous actor. 6. She sat on the corner of the table near the door by _ her husband always entered. 7. The white flower is the only one _ I really like.,why,whom,which,that,8. The news was very exciting _ our class had won the football ma

28、tch. 9. They are familiar with the opinion _ all matter consists of atoms. 10. The question _ we shall have a meeting hasnt been decided. 11. They told the policeman the fact _ they had nothing to do with the murder.,that,that,where / when / whether,that,12. All agreed to his suggestion _ a bridge across the river be built. 13. The question _ should