Unit1LearningaboutLanguage.ppt

1、Unit 1 Friendship Learning about Language,1. Let the students learn and grasp the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. 2. Know how to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech and indirect speech into direct speech.,Learning aims,Observe the following sentences, try to find out the difference

2、s between them. 1.She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 2. The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually got up at six every day.,直接引语 间接引语,Leading-in,Grammar,Direct Speech and Indirect Speech

3、（）,Direct Speech：“Can you help me, Tom?” she said. Indirect Speech：She asked Tom if he could help her.,引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 一是直接引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语_ ; 一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语 _。,Definition,(direct speech),(indirect speech),由直接引语变为间接引语需注意的四个变化:,1. 人称变化： 2. 时态变化： 3. 状语变化(时间状语和地点状语): 4. 句型变化(陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句

4、):,本单元主要讲述人称和时态的变化。,?,人称的变化:,they,I,him/her,he/she,them,that,those,Attention,直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，人称要作相应的变化。 具体的规则是： 1. 把直接引语中的第一人称（如I ,me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours) 改为与主句的主语相一致的人称。 2. 把直接引语中的第二人称（如you, your, yours) 改为和主句的主语的间接宾语相一致的人称。 3. 直接引语中的第三人称（如he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, th

5、eir, theirs) 改为间接引语时，人称不变。,归纳总结,1. He said , “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much. 【名师点津】( I 变成he, it 不变 ） 2. He said, “you told me this thing.” He said that I had told him that thing. 【名师点津】( you变成I, me变成him, this变成that ),直接引语变间接引语时, 时态要发生变化:,一般现在时 现在完成时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时 过去进行时

6、 现在完成进行时 过去完成时,一般过去时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时 过去完成时,should,should,would,would（不变）,might,might（不变）,could,could（不变）,must/had to,Form 1,引述动词为一般过去时 “I know it, ”he said.,引语中动词时态相应变化 He said that he knew it.,现在进行时 “Im reading a novel,” she said.,过去进行时 She said _ a novel.,现在完成时 “I have seen

7、 her before,” he said.,过去完成时 He said_ her before.,she was reading,he had seen,现在完成进行时 He said, “I have been doing my homework.”,过去完成进行时 He said _ his homework.,一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.,过去完成时 He said _ her the previous Monday.,he had been doing,he had seen,1. “I was waiting for Jim,” s

8、he said.,c. She said she had been waiting for Jim.,2. “Do you know Jack had been ill in bed for many days till he died? ” Rick asked.,a. Rick asked if I knew Jack had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,3. He said,“We shall go shopping tomorrow.”,b. He said they would go shopping the next da

9、y.,【即学即练】,引语中动词时态不变 She often says that where there is a will, there is a way.,引述动词为一般现在时或现在完成时 She often says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”,Form 2,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变: 1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the s

10、tudents that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0. 2. 经常的习惯 He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 历史事件 The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945. 4.当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时 He

11、 said, “The plane takes off at 6:30 am.” He said that the plane takes off at 6:30 am.,5. 当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时 He said, “Practice makes perfect. ” He said that practice makes perfect. 6. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等 She said to me, “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,【即学即

12、练】 1. He said, “Im afraid I cant finish this work.” He said that he _ he couldnt finish _ work. 2. He said, “I havent heard from him since May.” He said that he _ from him since May. 3. Tom said, “I will see you next week.” Tom said that he _see me _next week.,was afraid,that,hadnt heard,would,the,4

13、. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. The teacher asked me _late again. 5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah. Sarah said she _like swimming. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian. His friends asked him, “_you go to Dalian?” 7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked

14、me. My classmate asked me _been to Paris.,why I was,didnt,Will,if I had,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he looks; today B. you look; today C. we looked; that day D. I looked; that day 【解题关键】在直接引语变成间接引语时，指说话人的you要变成I, 状语today要变成 that day。,Class exercise

15、s,So easy!,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walking; then B. you are walking; now C. they were walking; then D. they walking; now 【解题关键】直接引语变成间接引语时, 第三人称不需要发生变化，时间状语now变成then。,【解题关键】直接引语变成间接引语时，宾语从句的时态和人称要和主句主语保持一致, 故 I 要

16、变成 he，现在完成时要变成过去完成时，时间状语this week 要变成that week。,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. I had walked; last week B. he had walked; that week C. I walked; last week D. he has walked; this week,【解题关键】直接引语变成间接引语时，如果直接引语为一般 疑问句则应该变成whether/if 引导的宾语从句, 故应

17、用if引导，一般现在时are变为一般过去时were,指示代词this变成that。,4. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were we; this B. that we were; that C. if we were; this D. if we were; that,5. The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. if; rise B. if; rises

18、C. whether; rose D. whether did; rise,【解题关键】 一般疑问句要用whether/if 引导，宾语从句是不变的真理，需用一般现在时, 故答案选B。,6. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 【解题关键】 suffer 的逻辑主语是Professor White, 它们之间

19、为主动关系，应用现在分词，因句中含有时间状语for years，故应用现在分词的完成式表示动作持续了多长时间。另，suffer因词汇意义的原因没有被动态，也不能表示被动含义。,7. “ A friend in need is a friend indeed,” said my father. My father said _ _ _ _ _ a friend indeed. 8. “Can you help me carry this heavy box?” asked Dean. Dean asked me _ _ _ help him carry that heavy box. 9. My teacher often says, “All women and men are equal in the world.” My teacher often says that _ _ _ _ _equal in the world.,a friend in need is,if/ whether I could,all women and men,are,Homework,Change the sentences from direct speech into indirect s