说明文的阅读技巧.ppt

1、1。特点：介绍知识为目的，2。测试目标：理解（包括对词语、对句子、对说明中心、对说明顺序、对说明方法的理解等）3。关键：概念理解,说明文的阅读,说明文的阅读,类别,1。实体事例说明文（说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等）,2。事理说明文（包括理论性解释、文书简介等。事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等）,3。文艺性说明文（把说明对象拟人化，编成故事进行介绍）,布局,1。总体叙述要说明的对象（文章主旨）+细节说明（细节理解）+概述评论（推理判断）,2。事物现象或变化（文章主旨）+细节或原因阐述（细节理解）+引发的后果和相关启示（推论）,一、说明文阅读理解的特征,一般说来，英

2、语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的 内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who What When Where How Why。 1. Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2. What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3. When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4. How：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文,二说明文阅读理解的类型,主旨大意题 细节理解题 语义猜测题 推

3、理判断题 态度观点题,Example 1,Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of desertification. This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and

4、because people cut down trees and dig up grass. 【问题设计】 According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause desertification? A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees. C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.,Example 1,【试题简析】 这是一道推理判断与词汇语义相结合的题目,题目问根据文章内容,以下哪个选项不太可能会引起 desertification。desertification是

5、生僻词汇,但通过文中This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.对这个词的解释,同学们可以得知,气候变化、砍伐树木和破坏草地都能够导致desertification,而选项D节约用水显然不在此解释中,因此答案选D。,语义猜测题,要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象，这类题目常以 it，

6、they，them 等代词为命题点，,Example 2 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartmen

7、t and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects,解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必

8、须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复”，因此推出答案为D。,Example 3 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They o

9、ften break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes. Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air

10、 planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. He never says，“I dont know.” Q： Which of the following best describes the writers attitude to Mr. Neff? A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand. B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful. C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff. D.

11、 He does not like Mr. Neff.,解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes. 误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对Mr. Neff的讨厌之情。答案为D。,推理判断题,这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的，它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系，文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义，考生要将这种含义读出来。,这种试题常以 The passage is intended to. (2) The author suggests that. (3) The story implies that (4) Which point of view may the author agree to?(5) From the passage we can conclu