friendship---grammar.ppt

1、Direct speech,直接引语和间接引语, The boy said , “I love English.” 2. 用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语 (Indirect speech). The boy said that he loved English.,一随主，二随宾，三不变,He said, “I dont like rice.” He said he didnt like rice. She said to Jim: “You will give a speech tomorrow.” She told Jim he would give a speech the next

2、day. He said to her: “Tom can help you.” He told her Tom could help her.,1. 人称变化,2.时态的变化,She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,主句动词为一般现在时时从句动词时态不变 She often says, All men and women are equal under the law.,一般现在时改为一般过去时 He said, I know it.,He said that he knew it.,主句动词为一般过去时，

3、时态做相应变化,一般过去时改为过去完成时 I saw her yesterday,he said.,He said he had seen her the day before.,现在进行时改为过去进行时 Im making coffee for you all, she said.,She said she was making coffee for us all.,现在完成时改为过去完成时 He said, I have seen her before.,He said he had seen her before.,过去完成时仍然为过去完成时 Jack said, Rick had be

4、en ill for many days .,Jack said that Rick had been ill for many days.,一般将来时改为过去将来时 He said, We shall start tomorrow.,He said they would start the next day.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:,1. 直接引语是客观真理，格言，谚语时: The earth moves around the sun, the teacher said to us. The teacher said that the earth moves aroun

5、d the sun.,2.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时: Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21, 1980.,that引导的宾语从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,陈述句 Jane said, Im very fond of traveling.,3.引导词和语序,whether/if 引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrell

6、a.,一般疑问句, 反意疑问句，选择疑问句 Is this your umbrella, Mary? asked John.,wh-词（疑问词）引导的宾语从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,特殊疑问句 John asked Mary, When will you return me the book?,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化,that those then before that day the next/following day,in two days time the d

7、ay before the night before two days before go there,祈使句 间接引语的动词常用tell, order, advise, warn sb. to do sth.,The officer ordered him not to move.,The officer said to him, “Dont move.”,that/what/how引导的宾语从句 He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was.,感叹句 He said: “How happy I am!”,1. Jack s

8、aid to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow

9、 C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thoug

10、ht that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane s

11、aid, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext tim

12、e B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me w

13、hy _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,1.“Please close the window,” he said t

14、o me.He _ me _ the window.A. said to; to close B. told to; closingC. asked ; to close D. said to; please close,练一练,2. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do,3.“Dont put it on my hat.”his wife said

15、 to him. His wife told him _put it on _hat. A. dont, his B. dont, her C. not to, his D. not to, her,4. Rose asked Tom, “Did you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom _. A. whether that he had seen her purse B. whether he had seen her purse C. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her pur

16、se,5.He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter,解析:如果直接引语是“Whats the matter?” “Whats wrong?” “Whats the trouble?”, 变间接引语时语序不变。,6. He asked , “Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a Leagu

17、e member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member,7. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I al

18、ready got well D. had I already got well.,解析: 反意疑问句要变成whether或 if引导的宾语从句.,8. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,9.The boy said, “May I go along with you?” The boy asked me _. A. if I might go along with you B. if he might go along with you C. if he might go along with me D. if he might go along with the boy,10.He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _ very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother t