M4Unit3Grammar.ppt

1、Grammar,动词ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语,一、动词ing形式作表语 1表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 Her duty is taking care of the babies. (Taking care of the babies is her duty.) 照看婴儿是她的职责。,2表示主语的某种性质和特征

2、，这时通常可以看做形容词。 The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 The film we saw last night was very moving. 我们昨晚看的那部电影非常感人。 点津常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。,二、动词ing形式作定语 1表示名词的属性、作用或用途。 We are not allowed

3、to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准我们大声说话。 There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。,2表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句。 The boy studying ( who is studying) in the classroom is our monitor. 在教室学习的男孩是我们的班长。 Well have an exam in the coming week. 下周我们将进行一次考试。,3当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分 词短语作定语，则放

4、在该名词后。 They lived in a house facing south ( which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basketball ( who is playing basketball)? 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？,4用于with复合结构中。 I couldnt do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。 With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.

5、 这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。,考题印证1 11(2012江西高考)John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it. AofferedBoffering Cto offer Dto be offered 解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：John确实是得到那份工作了，因为他给我看了提供给他工作的那封官方信函。offer“提供”，与其逻辑主语是主动关系，故可排除A、D两项；C项表示将来的动作，不合题意。此处用现在分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句。,选B。,12(2012湖南高考)The lec

6、ture, _ at 7：00 pm last night，was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. Astarting Bbeing started Cto start Dto be started 解析： 考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：昨天晚上七点开始的讲座结束后，人们用望远镜观察了月球。the lecture与start构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以B、D两项错误；再由句意可知，该讲座是昨天晚上开始的，所以排除C项，因为不定式表将来。,选A。,三、动词ing形式作宾语补足语 动词ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是

7、主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。,1表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 我们回来的时候，发现一个陌生人站在房子前。 Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window. 忽然我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。,点津在see,

8、 hear, feel, watch 等感官动词后，既可用动词ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to 的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。 I saw a boy getting on the bus.(表示动作正在进行) 我看见一个男孩在上公共汽车。 I saw a boy get on the bus.(表示动作完成了) 我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。,2表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有：have, let, keep, get, leave 等。 We kept the fire burning all nigh

9、t long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 I wont have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。,考题印证2 21(2012四川高考)I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. Ato wind Bwind Cwinding Dwound 解析： 考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语snake与wind之间为主动关系，且此动作正在进行，故选C。,选C。,22(2009全国卷)They use computers t

10、o keep the traffic_smoothly. Abeing run Brun Cto run Drunning 解析： 考查非谓语动词。keep sth. doing表示“使某动作持续发生”。,选D。,.用所给词的适当形式填空 1 (clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 2When he woke up, he found himself (lie) in hospital. 3The man (wear) a sad look said, “Ive lost my wallet.” 4There was

11、a terrible noise (follow) the sudden burst of light.,Cleaning,lying,wearing,following,5In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet (point) at another person. 6Phoebe received an email the other day (say) her uncle was coming to visit her. 7The music they are playing sounds so (bore) 8His concer

12、n for his mother is (touch),pointing,saying,boring,touching,.单项填空 1Im afraid well have to work extra hours, for there are still some problems _. Aremaining to settle Bremaining to be settled Cremained to talk about Dto remain to discuss 解析： 考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我恐怕我们不得不加班了，因为仍有一些问题有待被处理。根据句意可知选B。,选B。,2When

13、 I came in, I found Lucy _ by the window _ to music. Aseated; listening Bseated; listened Cseating; listened Dseating; listening 解析： 考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空过去分词seated作宾补，第二空listening to music作伴随状语。,选A。,3On the bank of the river, we found him _ on a bench, with his eyes _ on a kite in the sky. Alied; fixing B

14、lying; fixing Clied; being fixed Dlying; fixed 解析： 第一空lie作him的补语，且和him是主谓关系，用lying；第二空在with复合结构中， fixed作his eyes 的宾补，因为fix 和eyes是动宾关系，故用过去分词。,选D。,4Ive lived here for twenty years, but I dont know the family _ next to my door. Aliving Bto live Clived Dhaving lived 解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：我在这儿住了二十年了，却不认识就住在我隔壁

15、的那家人。动词ing形式作定语，相当于定语从句who live。,选A。,5What is Mr Black? His job is _ pancakes. Ato be sold Bsold Chaving sold Dselling 解析： 答句句意：他的工作是卖煎饼。selling 是对主语内容的解释。即动词ing形式作表语。,选D。,6Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. Asaid Bsays Csaying Dto say 解析： 考查非谓语动词形式。句意：彼得刚才收到一

16、封信，信上说他奶奶不久就要来看他。saying作后置定语，相当于定语从句which says .,选C。,7The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake. Amissing; playing Bmissing; play Cmissed; played Dmissed; to play 解析： 句意：那个失踪的男孩最后被人看见时正在东湖附近玩耍。missing“失踪的”，在句中作定语；动词ing短语playing near the East Lake作主语补足语，与主语the missing boy存在逻辑上的主谓关系。,选A。,8Why did y

17、ou go back to the shop? I left my friend _ there. Awaiting Bto wait Cwait Dwaits 解析： leave sb. doing sth. “使/让某人做某事”。waiting 作宾语补足语，与宾语my friend存在逻辑上的主谓关系。,选A。,9The General Manager suggests those found _ in the office would be fired immediately. Asmoke Bto smoke Csmoking Dsmoked 解析： 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意：

18、总经理建议那些被发现在办公室吸烟的人将被立即解雇。 find sb. doing“发现某人正在做某事”，smoking 作宾语补足语。,选C。,10Zhai Zhigang, of whom we are proud, is the first Chinese astronaut _ in space. Ato walk Bwalked Cwalking Dhaving walked 解析： 句意：我们感到自豪，翟志刚是第一个在太空行走的中国宇航员。名词前有the first, the last, the only等词修饰时，其后置定语常用不定式，不用动名词。,选A。,11Traveling

19、is _， but we often feel _ when we got back. Ainteresting; tired Binterested; tiring Cinteresting; tiring Dinterested; tired 解析： 句意：旅游很有意思，但当我们回来时我们常感到疲惫。interesting “有趣的”；interested “感兴趣的”；tiring “令人疲惫的”；tired “感到劳累的”。由句意可知选A。,选A。,12Give me the blue raincoat, please, the one_behind the door. Ahanging Bis hanging Cto be hung Dhangs 解析： 根据前面的祈使句可知，the one 后跟定语，可排除B、D项；又因hang 在此处作不及物动词不用被动，可排除C项。故选A项。,选A。