MBA历年英语阅读理解真题(01-12年)

1、2001年MBA英语真题及答案Questions 31 to 34 are based on the following passage:The stability of the U.S. banking system is maintained by means of supervision and regulation,inspections, deposit insurance,and loans to troubled banks.For over 50 years,these precautions have prevented banking panics.However,ther

2、e have been some close calls.The collapse of Continental lllinois Bank & Trusted Company of Chicago in 1984 did not bring down the banking system,but it certainly rattled some windows.In the late 1970s,Continental soared to a leadership position among Midwestern banks.Parts of its growth strategy we

3、re risky,however.It made many loans in the energy field,including billion that it took over from Penn Square Band of Oklahoma City.To obtain the funds it needed to make these loans,Continental relied heavily on shortterm borrowing from other banks and large,30day certificates of deposit-hot money,in

4、 banking jargon.At least one Continental officer saw danger signs and wrote a warning memo to her superiors,but the memo went unheeded .Although the Comptroller of the Currency inspected Continental on a regular basis,it failed to see low serious its problems were going to be.Penn Square Bank was cl

5、osed by regulators in July 1982.When energy prices began to slip,most of the billion in loans that Continental had taken over from the smaller banks turned out to be had.Other loans to troubled companies such Chrysler,lnternational Harvester,and Braniff looked questionable.Seeing these problem，hot m

6、oneyowners began to pull their funds out of Continental.By the spring of 1984,a run on Continental had begun.In May,the bank had to borrow .5 billion from the Fed to replace overnight funds it bad lost.But this was not enough.To try to stem the outflow of deposits from Continemtal,the FDIC agreed to

7、 guarantee not just the first ,000 of each depositors money but all of it.Nevertheless,the run continued.Federal regulators tried hard to find a sound bank that could take over Continental-a common way of rescuing failing banks.But Continental was just too big for anyone to buy.By July,all hope of a

8、 private sector rescue was dashed.Regulators faced a stark choice:Let Continental collapse,or take it over themselves.Letting the bank fail seemed too risky.It was estimated that more than 100 other banks had placed enough funds in Continental to put them at risk if Continental failed.Thus,on a rain

9、y Thursday at the end of July,the FDIC in effect nationalized Continental Illinois at a cost of .5 billion.This kept the banks doors open and prevented a chain reaction.However,in all but a technical sense,Continental had become the biggest bank failure in U.S.history.31.In the spring of 1984,Contin

10、ental experienced-.Aa fast growth period. Ba stability periodCa run. Dan oil price decrease.32.By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was-.Adestroyed. BabsurdCdesperate. Ddamaged.33.The nationalizatin of Continental-.Asaved it Bmadehot moneyowners continue to pull their funds out of Continental

11、.Calmost brought down the banking system Dfired many highranking officers.34.Banking panics may be prevented by means of-.Adeposit insurance. Bgrowth strategyClong term borrowing. Dwarning memo.Questions 35 to 38 are based on the following passage:If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work

12、force skills,American firms have a problem.Humanresource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States.Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility.Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the

13、 lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to humanresource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy.In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command.The post of head of humanresource managements is u

14、sually a specialized job,off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy.The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO).By way of contrast,in Japan the head of humanresource management is central-usually the second m

15、ost important executive,after the CEO,in the firms hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces,in fact they invest less in the skill of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms.The money they do invest is also more highly concentra

16、ted on professional and managerial employees.And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result,p

17、roblems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.If American workers,for example,take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do),the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated.More time

18、 is required before equipment is up and running at capacity,and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed.The result is a slower pace of technological change.And in the end the skills of the bottom half of

19、the population affect the wages of the top half.If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.35.Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American compani

20、es?A.They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills. B.They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.C.They attach more importance to workers than to equipment. D.They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.36.What is the position of the head of human

21、resource management in an American firm?A.He is one of the most important executives in the firm. B.His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.C.He is directly under the chief financial executive. D.He has no authority in making important decisions in the firm.37.The money

22、most American firms spend in training mainly goes to-.Aworkers who can operate new equipment Btechnological and managerial staffCworkers who lack basic background skills Dtop executives.38.What is the main idea of the passage?A.American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human res

23、ource management.B.Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective humanresource man agement.C.The head of humanresource management must be in the central position in a firms hierarchy.D.The humanresource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity.Questions 39 to 42

24、 are based on the following passage:Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the worlds businesses,institutions,and individuals.The internet,which means interconnected network of networks,links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks.These networks transmit huge amounts o

25、f information in the form of words,images,and sounds.The Internet was information on virtually every topic.Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronicbulletin boards ,where users form discussion groups around common interests.Much of the Internets traffic

26、 consists of messages sent from one computer user to another.These messages are called electronic mail or email.Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive email.Other uses of the network include obtaining news,joining electronic debates,and playing electronic games.

27、One feature of the Internet,known as the World Wide Web,provides graphics,audio,and video to enhance the information in its documents.These documents cover a vast number of topics.People usually access the Internet with a device called a modem.Modems connect computers to the network through telephon

28、e lines.Much of the Internet operates through worldwide telephone networks of fiberoptic cables.These cables contain hairthin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of light.They can transmit thousands of times more data than local phone lines,most of which consist of copper wires.The history of

29、 the Internet began in the 1960s.At that time,the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)of the United States Department of Defense developed a network of computers called ARPAnet.Originally,ARPAnet connected only military a nd government computer systems.Its purpose was to make these systems secur

30、e in the event of a disaster or was.Soon after the creation of ARPAnet,universities and other institutions developed their own computer networks.These networks eventually were merged with ARPAnet to form the Internet.By the 1990s,anyone with a computer,modem,and Internet software could link up to th

31、e Internet.In the future,the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer technology becomes more powerful.Many experts believe the Internet may become part of a larger network called the information superhighway.This network,still under development,would link computers with telephone

32、companies,cable television stations,and other communication systems.People could bank,shop,watch TV,and perform many other activities through the network.39.This passage is about the-of the Internet.Afuture. Bgeneral introductionCuse. Dhistory.40.Which of the following statements about the Internet

33、is true?A.ARPA was the first net used by American universities and institutions. B.The history of the Internet can be traced back to fifty years ago.C.The purpose of the Internet is to protect the world in the event of war. D.ARPAnet formed the foundation of the Internet nowadays.41.The Internet ena

34、bles people to do all the following things EXCEPT-.Asending email. Bobtaining newsCexchanging modem. Dinternet related chat(IRC).42.According to the last paragraph,in the future-.A.in may be hard to predict the development of the Internet. B.the Internet will become an indispensable superhighway.C.t

35、he Internet will be applied more. D.the Internet will combine cable stations.Questions 43 to 46 are based on the following passage:Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny.According to this ideology,basic biological and psychological differences exist between

36、 the sexes.These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life.Women are the weaker sexboth physically and emotionally.Thus,they are naturally suited,much more so than men,to the performance of domestic duties .A womans place,under normal circumstances,is within the protective

37、environment of the home.Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles,such as wife and mother and homemaker.On the other hand,men are best suited to go outsintosthe competitive world of work and politics,where serious responsibilities must be taken on.Men are to be the providers;women and ch

38、ildren aredependents.The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex.It is thus appropriate for women,not men,to be employed as nurses,social workers,elementary school teachers,hous

39、ehold helpers,and clerks and secretaries.These positions are simply an extension of womens domestic role.Informal distinctions betweenwomens workandmens workin the labor force,according to the ideology,are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.Finally,the ideology

40、 suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way.For the human species to survive over time,its members must regularly reproduce.Thus,women must,whether at home or in the labor force,make the most of their physical appearance.So goes the ideology.It is,of course,not true that bas

41、ic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sexdefined roles in social life.There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society,and those role differences that to exist are largely learned.But to the degree people actually believe that biology i

42、s destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society,sexdefined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.43.Womens place,some people think,is within the protective environment of the home because-.A.women can provide better care for the children. B.women ar

43、e too weak to do any agricultural work at all.C.women are biologically suited to domestic jobs. D.women can not compete with men in any field.44.According to the author,sex roles-.Aare socially determined B.are emotionally and physically determined.C.can only be determined by what education people t

44、ake. D.are biologically and psychologically determined.45.The author points out that the assignments of womens roles in work-.A.are determined by what they are better suited to. B.grow out of their position inside the home.C.reflect a basic difference between men and women. D.are suitable to them,bu

45、t not to men.46.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.The division of sexdefined roles is completely unacceptable. B.Womens roles in work are too limited at present.C.In one society,men might perform what is considered womens duties by another. D.Some of the womens roles in d

46、omestic duties can not be taken over by men.Questions 47 to 50 are based on the following passage:In a sense,the new protectionism is not protectionism at all,at least not in the traditional sense of the term.The old protectionism referred only to traderestricting and tradeexpanding devices,such as

47、the tariff or export subsidy.The new protectionism is much broader than this;it includes interventionssintosforeign trade but is not limited to them.The new protectionism,in fact,refers to how the whole of government interventionsintosthe private economy affects international trade.The emphasis on t

48、rade is still there,thus came the termprotection.But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist,or welfare economy over the

49、 market economy.Jab Tumiler writes,The old protectionismcoexisted,without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism-indeed,protectionists as well as (if not more than)free traders stood for laissez

50、faire(放任政策).Now,as in the 1930s,protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societiessatisfaction.It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism.In a market ec

51、onomy,economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes.The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper.There fore,the government intervenes(干涉；干预)to bring about a more desired result.The victory of the welfare state i

52、s almost complete in northern Europe.In Sweden ,Norway,Finland,Denmark,and the Netherlands,government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal.In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true.Government traditionally has played a very active role in economi

53、c life in France and continued to do so.Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe.It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Eur

54、ope.Social security,unemployment insurance,minimumwage laws,and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.47.This passage is primarily concerned with discussing-.A.the definition of the new protectionism. B.the difference between new and old protectionism.C.the

55、 emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world. D.the significance of the welfare state.48.Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage?AFree education is available to a child. BLaws are made to fix the minimum wage.CA jobless person can be insured. DThere are regulations for rent.49.Which of the following inferences is true,according to this passage?A.The economy developed faster in welfare states than in nonwelfare states. B.In the 1930s,protectionism began to rise.C.The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is