功能安全概述-Functional Safety overview

1、00 Functional safety Engineering FSM Overview,High Integrity can mean different things to different people but it is of critical importance in most of our key markets. One thing is common across our clients. they all want their process to react in a controlled manner in critical conditions and reduc

2、e risk to people, the environment, and business.,Intro to Functional Safety,Risk in our world,Safety the hot topic,Disasters that must not be repeated!,High Integrity can mean different things to different people but it is of critical importance in most of our key markets. One thing is common across

3、 our clients. they all want their process to react in a controlled manner in critical conditions and reduce risk to people, the environment, and business.,What is high integrity Automation,“Functional safety”,Part of the overall safety relating to the EUC and the EUC control system which depends on

4、the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems, other technology safety-related systems and external risk reduction facilities (IEC 61508, part 4) The ability of a safety-related system to carry out the actions necessary to achieve a safe state for the equipment under control or to mai

5、ntain a safe state for the equipment under control Compare with safety: Freedom from unacceptable risk of harm.,To reduce Risk and to protect People, Environment and Business !,RISK :- A combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.,Exxon Valdez accident in Marc

6、h 1988,Liquid gas tank in Mexico City explodes; 334 die - 1984,Why do we have safety standards ?,Why do we have safety standards ?,From IEC 61508 Safety instrumented systems have been used for many years to perform safety instrumented functions in the process industries. If instrumentation is to be

7、effectively used for safety instrumented functions, it is essential that this instrumentation achieves certain minimum standards and performance levels. SAFETY:- Freedom from unacceptable Risk!,Increased focus on safety, liabilities and standards IEC61508 “Good practice” benchmark for HSE Increased

8、production at ever lower costs. Pushing production and equipment to their limits Reduce maintenance time - supply chain pressures Flexible “quick-change” processes Personnel training issues Dwindling technical competence Increase in hazardous materials,Why the focus on High integrity automation,Reli

9、ance of safety systems whilst improving productivity Media attention Competency issues Emerging and existing Legislation and Directives International Standards (Best Practice) IEC 61508 / IEC 61511 / OLF070 IEC 62061 / ANSI 61511 / ISA S84 Benchmarking / performance indicators Fragmentation of corpo

10、rate knowledge Supply chain lack of cohesion,Pressure in the Industry,International Safety Standards Compliance with standards is a requisite for operation Corporate Standards and Image The value and reputation of the brand on the balance sheet is significant Insurance High premiums can fold busines

11、s Environmental considerations The environment is todays headline news Modernization Duty of care!,Financial drivers,Safety technologies are changing rapidly increasing reliance is placed onsmart equipment: integrated control and safety solutions, reusable safety components and subsystems automated

12、tools functional safety and protection of installed systems investments Increasing regulatory and social requirements,The Market Environment,Safety standards are also changing The publication of the international safety standards IEC 61508, IEC 61511 for the process sector and IEC 62061 for machiner

13、y are setting global benchmarks as “good practices” in functional safety. Globalisation . The safety-related market is global. Companies throughout the supply chain have developed global capability. End User organisations continually restructuring Liability issues,The Market Environment,Demand from

14、End-Users and others in the supply chain for 3rd party assessment or 3rd party certification Reputation management. Pressure from Safety Regulators,The Market Environment,Competency. Competency, both at a company and individual level is increasingly seen as a necessary pre-requisite to meet contract

15、ual and regulatory requirements. But which scheme is most appropriate and how can these schemes be compared and implemented?,The Market Environment,Governments National and International Organizations (ANSI/ISA and IEC) Media Accidents and fatalities Industry Self regulation is high risk and costly

16、Insurance Companies Huge payouts when things go wrong Me and You To ensure Protection for ourselves and others Environmentalists Remember Exxon Valdez,Who is asking for safety standards ?,Incidents leading to the Development of Safety Standards,Seveso, Northern Italy July 1976 TCDD (dioxin) release

17、35,000+ exposed, environmental impact Resulted in Seveso Directive (EC) on legal policy of informing citizens of nature and intent of industrial hazards UCC, Bhopal, India December 1984 3,000 Deaths, 100,000 Injured Resulted in OSHA 1910 (S84.01) Occidental, Piper Alpha July 6, 1988 167 Deaths, plat

18、form destroyed Creation of HSE (Offshore) Microprocessor based systems Distributed Control Systems Other computer based devices (“smart” sensors / transmitters / actuators),Functional Safety and IEC 61508,What is functional safety? From IEC 61508 Part 4; Functional safety, part of the overall safety

19、 relating to the EUC and the EUC control system which depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE safety-related systems, other technology safety-related systems and external risk reduction facilities “Freedom from unacceptable risk of physical injury or of damage to the health of people, eithe

20、r directly, or indirectly as a result of damage to property or to the environment”.,Functional Safety and IEC 61508 (cont.),What is functional safety? (Cont) Functional safety is part of the overall safety that depends on a system or equipment operating correctly in response to its inputs. In order

21、to ensure that safety is achieved, both hazard analysis and risk assessment are necessary. The hazard analysis identifies what has to be done to avoid the hazardous event, or events The risk assessment determines the performance requirements of the safety function for it to be acceptable.,Extent of

22、Safety Related System,A risk based approach to determine the safety integrity requirements An overall safety lifecycle model as the technical framework Encompasses system aspects (comprising all the subsystems carrying out the safety functions, including hardware and software) and failure mechanisms

23、 (random hardware and systematic) Contains both requirements for preventing failures (avoiding the introduction of faults) and requirements for controlling failures (ensuring safety even when faults are present) Specifies the techniques and measures that are necessary to achieve the required safety

24、integrity.,IEC 61508,IEC 61508 Defines SIL Complete loop (SIF) Lifecycle International Work processes,IEC 61508 - Standard Life Cycle,IEC 61508 and IEC 61511,PROCESS SECTOR SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS STANDARD,Manufacturers and suppliers of devices IEC 61508,Safety instrumented systems designers, in

25、tegrators and Users IEC 61511,IEC 61511,TITLE - “Functional Safety Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry sector”,This international Standard gives requirements for the specification, design, installation, operation and maintenance of a safety instrumented system, so that it can be con

26、fidently entrusted to place and/or maintain the process in a safe state. This standard has been developed as a process sector implementation of IEC 61508.,IEC 61511 Defines 61508 application in Process Sector Defines the Application of Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry,IEC 61511 -

27、 Standard Life Cycle,Structure,Normative,Informative,IEC 61511 - Structure Part 1 “Framework, definitions, system, hardware and software requirements Part 2 “Guidelines for the application of IEC 61511-1”. Part 3 “Guidance for the determination of safety integrity levels”.,Who does it apply to?,IEC6

28、1511 : Process Sector,End Users Operation of process Designers Process Design Houses System Integrators Safety System designers and integrators,IEC 61511 - Scope,Process (chemicals, oil the levels of performance; and the reliability of the various types of fire alarm systems. This Code establishes minimum required levels of performance, extent of redundancy, and quality of installation but does not e