借用数学思维 巧学英语法（3）.ppt

1、借用数学思维 巧学英语语法,第三讲,代入法在英语时态结构中的应用,1+ =1+ 1! + 1 2 2! +,English,A,B,C,山西省原平市教师进修学校 杨怡龙,2015年1月20日,在上一讲，我们学习了代入法在英语时态结构演化中的用法，这一讲我们要继续学习代入法在主动语态转化为被动语态时的应用，希望大家认真学习。,要懂得代入法在英语语态转换中的用法，就先要懂得英语的基本句子结构和时态结构。,Knowledge links,English basic sentence patterns(英语的几种基本结构） S=主语、V=谓语动词、O=宾语、P=标语、OP=宾语补语 1.S+Link-

2、V+P 核心结构 3.S+V+O 4.S+V+O间接宾语+O直接宾语 5.S+V+O+OP,在以上的这五种基本结构中，其实最核心的结构就是前三种，后两种结构都是由第三种结构衍生出来的。而在最核心的三种结构中，只有第三种结构才会有语态结构的转换，即主动语态转换为被动语态。但不管是什么语态，我们都必须始终记住一点，即句子结构的陈述顺序只有一种：主语+动词+其它成分。明白了这一点一切水到渠成。,2.S+V,语态,例句,时态,一般现在时,主动语态,被动语态,现在进行时,主动语态,被动语态,现在进行时,被动语态,由上可得：,We,speak,English,in English classes,.,is

3、 spoken,by,us,V（被动语态）=be+V（过去分词）,将此式代入到以下时态可得：,We,are,speaking,English,now,.,be,spoken,being,by,is,us,一般将来时,主动语态,被动语态,is sister,will,help,heir parents,with the housework,.,be helped,by,T,t,H,h,一般将来时,被动语态,We speak English in English classes .,We are speaking English now .,His sister will help their p

4、arents with the housework .,介词后的人称 代词须用宾格 形式,第三人称单数 名词后动词须 用第三人称单 数形式,Application,Practice 1,现在请同学们将下列含其它时态的主动语态句子运用推理的方法转换为被动语态。,1.,My students have finished learning all the junior English books so far.,主,被,2.,主,I will be doing my homework at this time this Sunday evening.,被,3.,主,She will have giv

5、en me three story-books by this afternoon.,被,4.,主,My father and brother have been mending our car since this morning .,被,5.,主,Mr Black will have been writing his report for five hours by six oclock this evening.,被, ,All the junior English books have been finished learning by my students so far.,_,My

6、 homework will be being done by me at this time this Sunday evening .,I will have been given three story-books by her by this afternoon.,Our car has been being mended by my father and brother since this morning .,Mr Blacks report will have been being written for five hours by six oclock this evening

7、.,Skill inspiration,通过上面的练习，大家发现什么技巧没有？,对！主动语态变被动语态主要是动作动词的变化，而其中也主要是be动词的变化。表面看是随时态的变化而变化，实际上，主动语态动作动词用什么形式，be就用什么形式。另外注意第一动词人称数的变化就行了。,哈哈！简单吧！,嗯，大家看看下面这些句子变化时需要注意哪些问题呢？,Practice 2,1. My father lent the book you gave me last week to others yesterday .,_ .,2. We can take her as our sister.,_ .,3. He

8、r mother had bought her a new bike before her birthday.,_ .,4. I would never make you do such things.,_ .,5. The woman had been looking after your son well till she died .,_ .,6. We all know that he is a computer scientist .,_ .,7. We can learn from the farmer that delicious apples are very big .,_

9、.,_ .,_ .,The book you gave me last week was lent to others yesterday,She can be taken as our sister,A new bike had been bought for her by her mother before her birthday,You would never be made to do such things,Your son had been being well looked after by the woman till she died,It is well known th

10、at he is a computer scientist,He is well known to be a computer scientist,It can be learnt from the farmer that delicious apples are very big,Delicious apples can be learnt from the farmer to be very big,定语从句随着宾语一起前移。,主句动词lend使用了过去式，被动语态的be就用过去式was,主句动词take是原形，被动语态的be就用原形,Her指人 是间接宾语；a new bike指物，是直

11、接宾语,物提前，人前须加介词for，因为谓语动词是不带“给”字的“买”,主句动词buy用了过去分词形式bought，因此，被动语态的be就用过去分词形式的been,不带to不定式作宾语you的补足语，变为被动语态后前面须加to,主动make是原形，被动be就用原形,修饰动词词组lookafter的well在被动语态中移到了动词词组的前面,主动look是ing，被动be就用ing,宾语从句主语提前，原系表结构变 to be,Summary,现在我们一起来总结一下主动语态转换为被动语态时，需要经过的步骤和注意事项 。大家一起来说说吧！,注意事项：,首先、要找出动词的宾语并将宾语前置放在句子的首位，

12、并改变首字母的大小写； 其次、是第一动词数的形式的变化和动作动词变为被动语态后be的变化和动作动词改为过去分词的变化； 第三、用介词by引出动作的实施者,1. 关键是动词：句中有其它动词时，除第一动词须注意人称和数的一致外，均无需变化，只需将动作动词改变为be+动词的过去分词，然后根据时态结构要求改变be的形式即可；,2. 当主动语态的主语是人称代词时，变为被动语态后可省略；,3. 作宾语补足语的不定式不论带to与否，改变为被动语态后均需替代to。,4. 当宾语有人和物两个宾语时，将人作被动语态的主语时，完成以上步骤即可，但如将物作为被动语态的主语时，人前须用介词for或to作引导；,步骤：,5.宾语后有定语、同位语时，要将定语、同位语跟随宾语一起移到动词的前面；,6. 含有宾语从句的时候，主句可用it做主语，从句不动，也可将从句的主语提取出来做主语，从句位于动词用to be+V（过去分词）,顺口溜,主变被，有顺序； 一移宾，二改谓，三移主语须注意； 宾后若有定和同，定同随宾一起移； 双宾移人物不动，移物留人看动词， “给”字动词人前to，非“给”动词人前for； 复宾一般无需变，不定式作补不一般， 不管原来有无to，变后都得加上to； 说完宾语说谓语，不管动词有多少， 关键动词公式套，be随动作形变化， 副