《英语写作完整》PPT课件

1、English Writing,Zhao Xiaojun Foreign languages School Inner Mongolia Normal University,Ideas 2. easy maintenance ;3. one will never forget the skill; 4. exercise the whole body ; 5. personally satisfying ; 6. freedom to move around ; 7. easy to learn ; 8. no need for a big shelter ; 9. see the beaut

2、y of nature better ;10. stop at any place ; 11. no pollution ; 12. in close contact with nature ; 13. reduces stress ; 14. can be lent to others ; 15. may be stolen easily ; 16. can do the repairing job oneself ; 17. anyone can afford it,2020/7/15,Free template from ,9,Listing 2. Parallel structures

3、 are used for the headings of the same rank; 3. Use the same signals to mark the equal important parts, such as Roman numerals, capital letters or Arabic numbers.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,18,Topic : Contrast between my roommates Jenny and Linda,I. Interests 1.Jenny , inactive type Reads , watch

4、es TV, likes talking 2. Linda , “outdoors” type Jogger, swimming II. Attitude toward schoolwork 1. Jenny grows tense before exams , studies for hours , takes notes carefully. 2. Linda takes things easy before tests, and surrounds herself with food, can never sit still .,2020/7/15,Free template from

5、,19,4. Doing free-writing,Rules : Dont stop to correct mistakes or consult your friends or dictionaries.,Compensation strategy Overcoming limitations in writing Switching to the mother tongue 2. Coining words 3. Using a circumlocution or synonym,2020/7/15,Free template from ,20,How to revise the dra

6、ft ?,1. Content: look at the composition as a whole. A. What is the topic of the composition? Does the draft fulfill the assignment? B. Is the thesis clear? Is it supported by enough facts (details, examples, reasons, etc)? C. Is there irrelevant material that should be removed? D. Is the logic soun

7、d? Are there gaps in the logic?,2020/7/15,Free template from ,21,How to revise the draft ?,2. Organization: look at the arrangement of the materials. A. Does the introductory paragraph lead to the main point of the paper? B. Does each paragraph have a separate central idea? Does it relate to the pap

8、ers main idea or to the previous paragraph? Are there proper transitions between sections? Are the paragraphs arranged in climactic order? C. Does the concluding paragraph give the reader a clear impression of what the paper intends to say?,2020/7/15,Free template from ,22,How to revise the draft ?,

9、3. Sentences: make correct deal (agreement);neat(nice),2020/7/15,Free template from ,29,How to achieve accuracy and appropriateness,1).Use common or informal words for general purposes;use formal or nonstandard words only on special occasions or for special purposes; 2).Use specific and concrete wor

10、ds when giving details;use general or abstract words when making summaries; eg. general specific animal tiger, fox, insect laugh giggle,roar,grin 3).Use idiomatic expressions and words in acceptable collocations;avoid combinations that are unidiomatic;,2020/7/15,Free template from ,30,4).When there

11、are synonyms,choose the word that expresses the meaning most exactly and that suits the content and style.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,31,Types of Verbs,Transitive verbs Intransitive verbs Ditransive verbs Phrasal verbs Link verbs Auxiliary verbs and Modal verbs,2020/7/15,Free template from ,32,Tr

12、ansitive Verbs,1.often followed by objects eg. The temperature rose 10 degrees. 2.used together with prepositional phrases or adverbs eg. She always reminds me of her mother. 3.delexical verbs (have the same meaning with +v./n.) a.+v.(n.) b.+n.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,33,Intransitive Verbs,1.n

13、o objects following. eg.He was shivering all over. 2.followed by objects a.changed from vt. eg. He runs a store./He runs fast. b.followed by objects of the same origin.eg.live a happy life.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,34,Ditransive verbs,1. usual pattern:vt.+indirect o +direct o 2.vt. +direct o+to

14、/for +indirect o eg.Sing us a song,please. Sing a song for us ,please. We owed him $100. We owed $100 to him. 3.rarely change the order eg.I wish you good luck.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,35,Phrasal Verbs,Phrasal verbs have a certain meaning 1.vi.+adverbs eg.break in; come about 2.vi. +prep. eg.

15、account for; call on 3.vt.+adv. eg.bring about; hurry up 4 .v.+adv.+prep. eg.put up with,2020/7/15,Free template from ,36,Phrasal verbs containing n.,1. V.+n. eg.change ones mind 2.v.+n.+prep. eg.get hold of 3.v.+prep.+n. e into being,2020/7/15,Free template from ,37,Two Forms of Verbs,Finite Forms

16、Non-finite Forms,2020/7/15,Free template from ,38,Finite Forms of Verbs,Features 1.the verb will be coherent with subject; 2.the verb should represent different tense,voice,and mood.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,39,Non-finite Forms of Verbs,Features 1.neednt be coherent with subject 2.can be used a

17、s many sentence elements but predicate 3.three types:infinitive,gerund, 2).It should begin with a capital letter; 3).It should end with a full stop,or a question mark,or an exclamation mark; 4).It should express a single complete idea.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,46,2.Improve the following sentenc

18、es,1).How to operate this computer? 2).Have lost my key. 3).Because he didnt finish his assignment. 4).The old man returning home after 8 years absence to find that all the neighbors he had known were no longer there.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,47,3.Types of sentences,1). The Periodic Sentence: t

19、he sentence that is not complete in structure or meaning until it reaches the last word,which is the most important word of the sentence. 2)The short and long sentences a. short sentences:powerful,effective,clear and easy to read in ads and speech. b. long sentences :effective and adequate. c.altern

20、ating short and long sentences,2020/7/15,Free template from ,48,3).Simple,Compound,Complex,and Compound-Complex sentences,a.The simple sentence has a single subject-verb combination. Eg. Tom and Mary went to the park,ate there and came back late yesterday. b.The compound sentence is made up of two o

21、r more simple sentences.Two forms: coordination conjunctions and semicolon.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,49,Complex the class was canceled as well.,How to correct ?,2020/7/15,Free template from ,54,. Fragmentary sentences,Fragment A word group that lacks main parts of the sentence (subject, predica

22、te) Because I was late for class, I didnt meet Mr.Green. 2).eliminate the dependent word After I arrived in Chicago.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,58,2. -ing one paragraph to another. Concerned with the form of expression. Ways to achieve coherence: pronouns,repetition of key words, avoiding pronoun

23、 shifts, transitional signals.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,98,Development by Time,This first railroads were developed in Europe in the sixteenth century. They looked nothing like those of today. The rails were of wood, and the cars, small wooden carts which hauled coal, were drawn by horses. By th

24、e early nineteenth century, railroad technology had advanced considerably. Steam locomotives had been developed, and cast iron was used for tracks. In 1825 a railroad line began carrying passengers as well as freight. That same year Americas first known steam locomotive was run on a circular track a

25、t Hoboken, New Jersey. Soon American locomotives and railroads were multiplying rapidly. Many short rail lines were laid during the 1830s. These short lines were then linked with one another, and by the nearly 1840s networks of rails connected all the eastern cities.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,99

26、,Development by Process,As the day of the exam approaches, there are several things you can do to make life easier. Firstly, you should make sure that you get regular exercise, that way you wont feel tired at night and you wont stay awake worrying. If you can, find someone else who is doing the exam

27、 and can share the revision with you. You can organize little tests and quizzes for each other and this can make the process much more fun than working on your own. Just before the exam, it helps to write short notes of the most important study points on pieces of paper and look at them just before

28、you go to bed. On the day of the exam, dont do any studying. Eat a proper breakfast and take some emergency snacks with you, wear comfortable clothes and take your favorite pen and pencil with you. And dont forget your watch.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,100,When we want to tell people how to do th

29、ings in correct order,1).to make clear the right sequence of the things to be done 2).state every step in a clear way 3). Present tense is used in instructions,2020/7/15,Free template from ,101,Development by Space,As parks go,Terrace Park is large. Most of the flat ground is taken up by three footb

30、all pitches and two rugby pitches. On one side of the park,however, there is a patch of trees through which a river winds. And attractive path runs beside the river, and there are flowerbeds with interesting shrubs and flowers. On the other side of the park from the river there are more sports facil

31、ities: three tennis courts and a bowling lawn. Near these, tucked into a corner, there is a childrens playground with swings, seesaws and model vehicles. One of the pleasant features of the park is the fact that it is entirely surrounded by trees.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,102,Describe what a pl

32、ace looks like,1).decide where we stand 2).concentrate on the best-know features 3).often in the present tense,2020/7/15,Free template from ,103,Development by Example,Do you talk to your plants? Do you give them love and attention? According to Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, authors of a book

33、 called The Secret Life of Plants, you should talk to them and give them love. They describe an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and positive ideas. The other plant was given only negative ideas. After six months,

34、 the loved plant was bigger. Under the earth, it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves. So he careful when you are talking in front of your plants. They may be listening to you!,2020/7/15,Free template from ,104,Development by Comparison and Contrast,Life

35、in a big city has become more and more difficult for people to cope with. In a big city, stress is caused by daily having to contend with crowds of people and restricted space. Travel in rush hour can be a real headache. Pollution of various kinds is the result of industrialization. Cars spew toxic

36、fumes into the atmosphere. Noise bellows out from every side. All these factors add to the pressure of daily existence in a big town. In contrast, life in a country village is much more attractive. Here the pace of life is gentle. There is time to reflect on the beauty of the world. In a village, li

37、fe is closer on nature. The changing seasons can be clearly observed. There is ample space for everyone, and fresh air to breathe.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,105,Development by Cause and Effect,In these years, the record companies have been competing to bring out the latest versions of the same p

38、ieces, but they didnt bother finding out if music fans wanted them. Now they realize their mistake, but too late. Nothing illustrates the problems facing the classical music industry better than Beethovens Fifth Symphony. With over 100 different compact disc(CD) recording of the Fifth currently avai

39、lable, this is one example of a popular piece of music which has been recorded too many times. The CD-buying public, it seems,has lost its taste for new recordings of famous pieces.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,106,Development by Classification,Different people enjoy doing different things. This is

40、 certainly reflected in this beach scene. Some like to sit in the shade, watching the splashing waves in the blue sea and listening to the rhythmic sounds. They think that is the most enjoyable thing to do on a beach. Others prefer basking in the sun, not content to leave without an impressive sunta

41、n. But primarily the beach is for children. They rush around up and down the sandy beach, in and out of the water. In a quiet corner a few children sit with buckets and spades, building sand-castles. Yet other smaller children step tentatively into the water to try out padding, making sure that Dad

42、is not too far away.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,107,What should we pay attention to in planning a paragraph?,1).to think of a central idea 2).to think of the details or examples to support the main idea3).to work out an outline to put these details in good order,2020/7/15,Free template from ,108,

43、How to end a paragraph?,1.restating the main idea 2.summarizing the main points 3.showing a result 4.putting the most important point last 5.drawing an inference,2020/7/15,Free template from ,109,Practical Writing,1).Notes : a.salutation b.close c.date,2020/7/15,Free template from ,110,Note of thank

44、s,Dec. 25,2004 Dear Danny, Thank you very much for all the friendship and help you gave me in the past year.Merry Christmas and happy New Year! Yours, Tom,2020/7/15,Free template from ,111,Block style,Dec.25th,2004 Dear Danny, Thank you very much for the friendship and help you gave me in the past y

45、ear.Merry Christmas and happy New Year! Yours, Tom,2020/7/15,Free template from ,112,Note of Invitation(occasion,place,time,telephone),Sept.27th,2004 Dear Dan, We are having a party at my home to celebrate the coming Mid-Autumn Day on 28th at 7p.m. Would it be possible for you to join us then? We wi

46、ll be very glad if you could be with us. My mobile is 139 (regret). Yours, Jimmy R.S.V.P.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,113,Invitation,You are Cordially Invited by The American Consulate General Shenyang To ttend a Reception in Recognition of Independence Day From 11:00 to 12:00 am on July 5, 2005 A

47、t Dalian Zhongshan Hotel 5Yide St. Zhongshan District R.S.V.P. Tel: 0241234567 ; Fax:2020/7/15,Free template from ,114,Note of an Appointment,Oct.15th Dear Prof. Wang, I wonder if you could spare some time to help me with my first lecture at your convenience? I will be free at the weeke

48、nds from 6 to 9 p.m. if its OK for you. If not, please ring me to make another time. My telephone number is 4392461. Thank you. Yours, Wang Mingli,2020/7/15,Free template from ,115,Note of Apologies,Oct.16th,2005 Dear Li, Im terribly sorry for having spoiled your book owing to my carelessness. Ill t

49、ry to find a new volume for you as soon as possible . Sorry again! Yours, Wang,2020/7/15,Free template from ,116,Composition,Reason Apologize Make-up way,2020/7/15,Free template from ,117,Composition,Flexible time B. showing status; C. social communication; D. advertising.,2020/7/15,Free template fr

50、om ,124,. Format,A. Employer / Affiliation; B. Name and title; C. Contact information.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,125,Samples of Employer 2).not a paraphrase; 3).the shortest exact and essential gist; 4).no comments,opinions, or details; 5).1/3 or 1/4 of the original.150200.,2020/7/15,Free templa

51、te from ,151,How to Write a Precis,1). A thorough understanding 2). Take brief notes 3). Write the main idea in your own words 4).Revise,2020/7/15,Free template from ,152,Resume,Name Zhao Xiaojun Address 358 ZhaoWuDa Road Telephone 86471-4921360 Date of birth Feb.23rd, 1971 Sex Female Marital status

52、 Married (one child) Citizenship China Nationality Chinese Health Excellent Language English (fluent) Education Inner Mongolia Normal University 19921996 Huhhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,2020/7/15,Free template from ,153,Inner Mongolia Normal University 2004-now,Degrees Bachelor of Arts in E

53、nglish 1996 Inner Mongolia Normal University Experience Teacher of English 1996-now Inner Mongolia Normal University Awards 2).study plan; 3).resume; 4).how to contact; 5).references,2020/7/15,Free template from ,164,Example,Foreign Languages Department Inner Mongolia Normal University Huhhot, 01002

54、2 November 5th, 2004 Mrs. James Brown English Department, Waikato University New Zealand,2020/7/15,Free template from ,165,Dear Mrs. Brown,I am interested in postgraduate study in literature at your department and would like to talk with you about the requirements of your department. I am a graduate

55、 of English, class of 1996, where I majored in English. After my graduation, I worked for several years as a college teacher. During that time , I learned English literature by myself and read plenty of books on English literature.I could probably manage,2020/7/15,Free template from ,166,almost a fu

56、ll schedule if necessary. However,I would like to begin as soon as possible if a part-time program can be arranged.,Prof. Wang Ke wrote the recommendation letter for me ,and her telephone number is 86-471-4969772. Enclosed is a resume of my background and experience. I can be reached by telephone86-

57、471-4391234 and I will be available from2 to 6 every afternoon. Thank you for your reading. Sincerely yours, Wang Li Encl.,2020/7/15,Free template from ,167,Letter of Complaints,Composition 1.matter 2.request 3.deadline 4.copy of receipt 5.how to contact,2020/7/15,Free template from ,168,Example,Nov

58、.5th,2004 Dear Sir/Madam, On the 25th of October, I bought a color TV set in your store, but I used it only a few days when there were no pictures at all.I hope that it could be changed as soon as possible.And if you dont do as I requested before Nov.15th, I will complain to the Consumers Associatio

59、n .,2020/7/15,Free template from ,169,I can be reached by telephone at 1234567 every night,and I live in the 25th ZhaoWuDa Road,SaiHan District,Enclosed is the copy of receipt.I will appreciate anything you can do on this matter. Sincerely yours, WangLi,2020/7/15,Free template from ,170,Usage of Comma,I need a forum, a place to communicate, to discuss the matter with the representatives. I got up late this morning, so I didnt have my breakfast. When he knocked at the door