法家简介-中英.ppt

1、,法 家,封建时代,Legalism,Feudal Era,其思想源头可上溯于夏商时期的理官（掌管司法的官），春秋 战国亦称之为刑名。刑名之学，经过管仲，李悝，商鞅，申不害等人予以大力发展，遂成为一个学派。战国末韩非对他们的学说加以总结，综合，集法家之大成。其范围涉及法律，经济，行政，组织，管理等等。,Background,The idea can be traced back to the management officers of Xia and Shang Dynasties , who were also known as legal advisors in the Spring a

2、nd Autumn and Warring States . Through many peoples hard work, it became a theory. In late Warring States, Han Fei summarized their thoughts, involving legal, economic, administration, organization, management and so on.,View,Qi legalists(齐法家)Law and morality are both important. Two sides Qin Jin le

3、galists(秦晋法家) Human nature is the pursuit of interest. They look down on morality. Before the law, everyone is equal.,代表人物,韩非 荀子的学生，李斯的同学。 集儒(Confucianism)，道 (Taoism)，墨(Mohism)，法 (Legalism)四大思想流派的精华 于一身。积极倡导君主专制主 义(Monarchy)理论，目的是为 专制君主提供富国强兵的霸道 思想。,秦灭六国 Han Feis ideas got the First Emperor of Qins

4、attention and use. After defeating the other six countries, Qin had become Chinas first centralized state(中央集权制国家).,Development,秦太残暴，很快就亡国了。但法家的思想仍在影响后世，尤其在社会动荡的时期发挥作用。至近代，出现了章太炎，梁启超，沈家本等“新法家”，提倡用“法治”代替“人治”，“与时俱进”，“公平，公正，公开”。,Qin Shi Huang was too brutal and soon perished. But Legalism was still aff

5、ecting future generations, especially in the period of social unrest. To modern times, new legalistspromoted the use of Rule of law instead of Rule of man, Times, Fair, just and open.,对现代法治建设的影响 法家强调法律在政治和社会中应高度规范化地运行，与今相通。但法家之谓“法”是为帝王中央集权统治的工具，与现代法治保护人权，约束权力的精神正好相反。,Influence on the building of modern rule of law Legalism emphasizes that law should operate highly normatively in politics and society, which is the same as nowdays. That law of the legalists is a tool for the centralized imperial rule. On the contrary, modern rule of law shows prot