中考复习之介词专题.ppt

1、介词,介词是一种“媒介”，是表示句中某一个词或短语与另一个词或短语的关系的词。 在英语中介词的功能十分强大，介词是虚词，不能重读，不能单独作句子成分。,介词 的 定义,介词 的分类,根据介词的形式分类： 1.简单介词:由一个词构成的介词。 at in for near after before behind on by with 2.合成介词:由两个词合成在一起的介词。 inside outside nearby within onto into without 3.双重介词:由两个简单介词重叠在一起 构成的介词。 from behind 从后面 until after 直到后 from am

2、ong 从中间,4.短语介词:由一个或几个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类组合构成,在意义和作用上相对于一个简单介词。 at the back of instead of in place of in front of thanks to in front of at the top of on the edge of at the bottom of在底部 on the point of 在时刻 owing to 由于 due to 由于 5.动词的ing形式介词:在英语中有一部分动词的ing形式具备介词的性质,在很多情况下,将他们视为介词。 Including 包括 considering 考

3、虑到 regarding 关于 concerning 关于,根据介词的意义分类,介词种类,表示时间： at ,in ,on, before ,after till until,表示地点： at in on under by near between into,表示方向： at for from towards,表示所属： Of with,表示方式、方法： by in on through with,介词的宾语,介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词语叫做介词的宾语。 可作介词宾语的词语通常有名词、代词、数词、副词、从句、动词的-ing形式、含有疑问词的不定式等。 1.I live near the c

4、ity center, but I work far from that.(名词，代词) 2.Four from ten leaves six.(数词) 3.We are going to talk about when well start off.(从句) 4.Thanks very much for your coming.(动词的-ing) 5.Could you give me some advice on how to improve my heath , Doctor?,介词的功能,介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语，在句子中作主语、表语、补足语、定语、状语、插入语等。 1.作主语

5、Between 6 and 7in the morning is a good time for reading. 2.作表语 They are from Canada and I am from China. 3.作补足语 When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. He is considered as the greatest leader in China. 4.作定语 Have you got the answers to these questions?,5.作状语 Can you sing this song in Engli

6、sh? (方式状语) Because of the traffic , I was late for class.(原因状语） I will see you at your office .(地点状语) The final examinations take place in early June.(时间状语),表示时间的介词： at，in，after，until，before，during,at 多用于表示具体的钟点时刻前： at 5 oclock at half past seven 还可用于固定搭中：at noon， at midnight，at night,2. in表示一段时间，用于

7、年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上 E.G. in the twenty-first century，in July，in Spring in the morning 还可用于表示“从现在起，多长时间以后或多久以后”E.G. I will be go to college in 3 years.,3. on主要用在星期几，具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前 E.G. on July 1st，on Monday，on Sunday morning，on Charismas Day,1. _November 25, 2003 2. _ 6:30 _ the evening 3.

8、_ the 1940s 4. _ my life _ the age of 5 _the beginning of the class _ a hot summer evening,on,at,in,in,at,in,Practice on / at / in,at,on,on + 具体日期,at + 具体点钟,in + 相对长的时间：如：某月，季节，年，世纪，上下午,1.My father returned at 10 oclock _ of June 15.(重庆) A. in the night B. by the night C. on the night D. at night,2.

9、My aunt arrived here _ a warm spring morning. A. in B. at C. on D. by,1.He has been a teacher _ 10 years. 2._ 2000, Tom has studied English. 3.Jack and John have been away from Shanghai _ five years ago.,for,Since,since,His father has been _ Australia _ 1998. A. to; in B. in; since C. to; from D. in

10、; for,after,In 和 after 的区别,In 与 after 都可以表示“之后”，其区别如下： 1.后跟一段时间。 “in + 时间”一段表示从说话时间算起的一段时间之后；“after + 一段时间”表示从过去一点时间或将来一点时间算起的一段时间之后。 e.g. They will start working in half an hour. They will work after 10 am. 2. 后跟一点时间。 after 可跟一点时间，而 in 不可 e.g. after supper 晚饭后 after six oclock 6点后 after school 放学后

11、after graduation 毕业后,1.I hear that he will be back _ two weeks time. A at B in C after D for,2._ a month, he will be proud _ his son.A. In; with B. After; of C. In; of D. After; over 3. Mr. Smith left _ London _ breakfast.A. to, in B. for, in C. to, after D. for, after,B,C,D,“by+时间点”表示“到以前为止”，如果by后跟

12、一个过去的时间点应用过去完成时 E.G. We had learnt 1000 English words by the end of last year.,“during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。 E.G. He lives with us during these years.,表示地点的介词： at，in，on，over，below，to，under，in front of，before,表示方位的in，on，to,in , at , on, to He will arrive _ a litlle bus stop _ Beijing. Shantou is _ th

13、e east of Guangdon. Guangxi is _ the north of Guangdong. America is _ the south of China.,at,in,in,on,to,in : A地包含B地 on : 两地不包含，但连接 to : 两地不包含，不连接,The visitors _ Japan arrived _ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning. A. from; at B. of; to C. from; to D. of; on,表示方位的over，above，on,表示方位的at，in，on,in fron

14、t of 和 in the front of,注：before所表示的位置关系和in front of 相同，表示“在前面” E.G. He sits before me.,below 和 under,be made常见结构,be used常见结构,across 和 through: 通过，穿过 1. He swam _ the river. 2. They walked_ the forest. 3. The river goes _ the city and brings people water and food. 4. He helped the little child walk _

15、 the road. across: 指在物体表面穿过 through : 指在物体内部穿过,across,through,through,across,between 和 among ：在之间 1.Whats the difference _ a sheep and a goat?A. from B. to C. between D. among 2.We visited him _ his workplace _ the young trees. A. in; beside B. at; along C. at; among D. to; between Keep the secret b

16、etween you and_ (I),me,表示方式或手段的介词,by, in, on, with,用， 以方式,The boy usually writes _ a red pen. I can write a letter _ English. He often goes to school _ bike. She always talks _a low vice. They talked _ the telephone. He went to school _ his bike. We hear _ our ears and see _ our eyes. He succeeded _

17、 good luck/ working hard,with,in,by,in,on,on,with,with,by,1. by: + 不加冠词的交通工具 + 某种手段，方法等 by hard work 2. on: + a / the / sbs +交通工具 + the+ 通讯工具 on the phone 3. in: + a/ the / sbs + car / taxi + 声音， 语言,by bus / air/ train / plane,on the bus, on my bike,in a car, in my taxi,in a high voice, in English,4. with: +某种具体的工具 with a