实验五 Java图形用户界面设计

1、5 java 图形用户界面设计5.1实验目的、内容及性质掌握 java 的 gui 设计技术，掌握 awt 和 swing 的应用技巧。实验性质：验证、必做实验学时：2学时5.2问题及思考1、 最常见的awt以及swing控件用法。2、 几个常见布局总结3、 区分容器控件和一般非容器控件4、 java事件几种关键组成部分以及事件处理流程5.3实验指导1、 swing示例/*需要哪些组件，如何布局？*/ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class myfrm extends jfra

2、me/从jframe继承 /*声明界面需要使用的控件*/ jlabel lbl_name =new jlabel(用户名); jlabel lbl_pwd =new jlabel(密码); jtextfield txt_name=new jtextfield(); jpasswordfield txt_pwd=new jpasswordfield(); jbutton btn_ok=new jbutton(登陆); jbutton btn_cancel=new jbutton(取消); /*在构造函数中将控件放置在jframe上*/ public myfrm() /*获取当前frame的内容面

3、板*/ jpanel jp=(jpanel)this.getcontentpane(); /*设置内容面板的布局 layout*/ jp.setlayout(new gridlayout(3,2); jp.add(lbl_name);jp.add(txt_name); jp.add(lbl_pwd);jp.add(txt_pwd); jp.add(btn_ok);jp.add(btn_cancel); this.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); public static void main(string arg) /*纯java样

4、式显示窗体*/ jframe.setdefaultlookandfeeldecorated(true); /*实例化当前窗体类*/ myfrm frm=new myfrm(); frm.setsize(200,200); frm.setvisible(true); 2、常用布局1)、流布局：flowlayout 从左到右，自上而下方式在容器中排列，控件的大小不会随容器大小变化. 容器.setlayout(new flowlayout(flowlayout.left);2)、网格布局：gridlayout 按照指定行数与列数，将容器分成大小相等的单元格每个单元格放置一个控件. 不能将控件放在指定

5、单元格 容器.setlayout(new gridlayout(3,4,10,15);3)、边界布局:borderlayout 将容器分成东、西、南、北、中五个部分 容器.setlayout(new borderlayout();窗口的内容面板默认布局就是边界布局。容器.add(控件,borderlayout.north); 4)、混合布局：使用jpanel,将多个布局组合在一起使用 jpanel jp=(jpanel)this.getcontentpane();for(int i=0;ibtn.length;i+)btni=new jbutton(btn+i);jpanel jp1=new

6、jpanel();/默认布局为flowlayoutjp1.setlayout(new gridlayout(2,2);for(int i=0;i4;i+) jp1.add(btni);jpanel jp2=new jpanel();/默认布局为flowlayout for(int i=0;i4;i+) jp2.add(btni+4);5)、绝对布局 null:以坐标定位 容器.setlayout(null); 每个控件在放置在容器之前，必须设置其边界 setbounds(x,y,width,height);btn.setbounds(10,100,30,60);3、swing示例grid布局i

7、mport java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import javax.swing.*;public class gridlayoutdemo extends jframe private jbutton buttons; private string names = one, two, three, four, five, six ; public gridlayoutdemo() super( gridlayout demo ); jpanel container =(jpanel)this.getcontentpane(); container.set

8、layout(new gridlayout( 3, 2 ); / create and add buttons buttons = new jbutton names.length ; for ( int count = 0; count 事件源侦听者接收事件-自动调用相应事件处理函数. 编程模板： class myfrm extends jframe implements actionlistener jbutton btn=new jbutton(ok); . public myfrm() . btn.addactionlistner(this); . public void action

9、performed(actionevent e) . if(e.getsource()=btn) java事件处理示例：import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class myfrm extends jframe implements actionlistener/* 界面中需要的组件作为属性声明 */jtextfield txt = new jtextfield(10);jlabel lbl = new jlabel(姓名);jbutton btn = new jbutton(查询);/* 组

10、件在构造函数中放置在窗体jframe上 */public myfrm() /* 获取jframe的内容面板contentpane,控件放在该面板上 */jpanel jp = (jpanel) this.getcontentpane();/* 设置面板布局layout,如何放? */jp.setlayout(new flowlayout();jp.add(lbl);jp.add(txt);jp.add(btn);/* 为事件源加一个侦听者*/btn.addactionlistener(this);this.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_clos

11、e); /* 事件处理方法*/ public void actionperformed(actionevent e) joptionpane.showmessagedialog(this, btn点击); public static void main(string arg) jframe.setdefaultlookandfeeldecorated(true);/ 设置纯java样式myfrm frm = new myfrm();frm.setsize(400, 300);frm.setvisible(true);注意：在做下列题目前仔细阅读第一个示例，彻底弄懂swing界面设计5.4实践编

12、程1、调试运行swing示例2、调试运行java事件处理示例3、 依据题1、2，编写如下界面当用户点击”click me”按钮，显示消息对话框,消息为” click me 按钮被点击”。package ex5_3;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class myfrm extends jframe implements actionlistenerjbutton btn=new jbutton(click me);public myfrm()jpanel jp=(jpanel)this.

13、getcontentpane();jp.setlayout(new flowlayout();jp.add(btn);btn.addactionlistener(this);this.settitle(action event);this.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close);public void actionperformed(actionevent e)joptionpane.showmessagedialog(this,click me 按钮被点击);package ex5_3;import javax.swing.*;impor

14、t java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class test public static void main(string args) myfrm frm = new myfrm();frm.setsize(400, 300);frm.setvisible(true);4、编写一个程序实现用户登录界面 当用户登录按下确定键，判断用户是否录入了用户名与密码，如果没有按或用户名不为admin 密码不为 1234 都需要提示错误。package ex5_4;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import ja

15、va.awt.event.*;public class myfrm extends jframe implements actionlistener jlabel lbl_name =new jlabel(用户名); jlabel lbl_pwd =new jlabel(密码); jtextfield txt_name=new jtextfield(); jpasswordfield txt_pwd=new jpasswordfield(); jbutton btn_ok=new jbutton(登陆); jbutton btn_cancel=new jbutton(取消); public m

16、yfrm() jpanel jp=(jpanel)this.getcontentpane(); jp.setlayout(new gridlayout(3,2,10,5); jp.add(lbl_name);jp.add(txt_name); jp.add(lbl_pwd);jp.add(txt_pwd); jp.add(btn_ok);jp.add(btn_cancel); this.settitle(登陆); this.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close); btn_ok.addactionlistener(this); public

17、 void actionperformed(actionevent e) string uname=txt_name.gettext(); string upwd=txt_pwd.gettext(); if(uname.equals()|upwd.equals() joptionpane.showmessagedialog(this, 用户名或密码未输入!); else if(!uname.equals(admin)|!upwd.equals(1234) joptionpane.showmessagedialog(this, 用户名或密码输入错误!); else joptionpane.sho

18、wmessagedialog(this, 用户名或密码输入正确!); package ex5_4;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class test public static void main(string args) jframe.setdefaultlookandfeeldecorated(true);myfrm frm=new myfrm();frm.setsize(400,200);frm.setvisible(true);5、利用合适的布局和swing控件完成下题按照界面

19、使用相应控件与合适的布局完成下题，要求按生成随机数按纽产生三个随机整数0到100之间，按计算平均数按纽计算平均值，如图所示，初始界面参考：int x=(math.random()*41+60); 产生随机数txt1.settext(x+”);将随机数赋予文本框txt1package ex5_5;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class myfrm extends jframe implements actionlistener jlabel lbl =new jlabel(随机数字一)

20、; jlabel lb2 =new jlabel(随机数字二); jlabel lb3 =new jlabel(随机数字三); jlabel lb4 =new jlabel(三数平均值); jtextfield txt1=new jtextfield(); jtextfield txt2=new jtextfield(); jtextfield txt3=new jtextfield(); jtextfield txt4=new jtextfield(); jbutton btn_start=new jbutton(生成随机数); jbutton btn_average=new jbutton

21、(计算平均数); public myfrm() jpanel jp=(jpanel)this.getcontentpane(); jp.setlayout(new gridlayout(5,2,10,5); jp.add(lbl);jp.add(txt1); jp.add(lb2);jp.add(txt2); jp.add(lb3);jp.add(txt3); jp.add(lb4);jp.add(txt4); jp.add(btn_start);jp.add(btn_average); this.settitle(三个随机数字); this.setdefaultcloseoperation(

22、jframe.exit_on_close); btn_start.addactionlistener(this); btn_average.addactionlistener(this); public void actionperformed(actionevent e) if(e.getsource()=btn_start) int x=(int)(math.random()*41+60); txt1.settext(x+); int y=(int)(math.random()*41+60); txt2.settext(y+); int z=(int)(math.random()*41+6

23、0); txt3.settext(z+); if(e.getsource()=btn_average) double x=double.valueof(txt1.gettext(); double y=double.valueof(txt2.gettext(); double z=double.valueof(txt3.gettext(); double t=(x+y+z)/3; txt4.settext(t+); package ex5_5;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class

24、test public static void main(string args) myfrm frm=new myfrm();frm.setsize(400,200);frm.setvisible(true);6编写程序实现如下界面，实现事件如果按下座位i 就在控制台中显示“座位i被选中” 例如按下 “座位0“，则输出座位0被选中”package ex5_6;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class myfrm extends jframe implements actionlist

25、ener jbutton btn0=new jbutton(讲台); jbutton btn1=new jbutton(座位1); jbutton btn2=new jbutton(座位2); jbutton btn3=new jbutton(座位3); jbutton btn4=new jbutton(座位4); jbutton btn5=new jbutton(座位5); jbutton btn6=new jbutton(座位6); public myfrm() jpanel jp=(jpanel)this.getcontentpane(); jpanel jp1=new jpanel()

26、; jp1.setlayout(new gridlayout(); jp1.add(btn0); jp.add(jp1,borderlayout.north); jpanel jp2=new jpanel(); jp2.setlayout(new gridlayout(2,3); jp2.add(btn1);jp2.add(btn2);jp2.add(btn3); jp2.add(btn4);jp2.add(btn5);jp2.add(btn6); jp.add(jp2,borderlayout.center); this.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exi

27、t_on_close); btn1.addactionlistener(this); btn2.addactionlistener(this); btn3.addactionlistener(this); btn4.addactionlistener(this); btn5.addactionlistener(this); btn6.addactionlistener(this); public void actionperformed(actionevent e) if(e.getsource()=btn1) system.out.println(座位1被选中); if(e.getsourc

28、e()=btn2) system.out.println(座位2被选中); if(e.getsource()=btn3) system.out.println(座位3被选中); if(e.getsource()=btn4) system.out.println(座位4被选中); if(e.getsource()=btn5) system.out.println(座位5被选中); if(e.getsource()=btn6) system.out.println(座位6被选中); public static void main(string args) myfrm frm=new myfrm()

29、;frm.setsize(1000,500);frm.setvisible(true);7 完成以下窗体制作参考：这一题考虑使用组合布局，将上面控件放置在 jpanel上，再将jpanel放到内容面板的中间。下面四个按钮先放在某jpanel再放置在内容面板的 south部分package ex5_7;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class loginfrm extends jframe implements actionlistener jlabel lb_name=new jlab

30、el(姓名：);jlabel lb_sex=new jlabel(性别：);jlabel lb_profession=new jlabel(身份：);jlabel lb_unit=new jlabel(单位：);jlabel lb_idnum=new jlabel(证件号码：);jlabel lb_rdate=new jlabel(注册日期：);jlabel lb_edate=new jlabel(有效日期：);jtextfield txt_name=new jtextfield();jcombobox cmb_sex=new jcombobox();jcombobox cmb_profess

31、ion=new jcombobox();jcombobox cmb_unit=new jcombobox();jtextfield txt_idnum=new jtextfield();jtextfield txt_rdate=new jtextfield();jtextfield txt_edate=new jtextfield();jbutton btn_add=new jbutton(添加);jbutton btn_del=new jbutton(删除);jbutton btn_back=new jbutton(撤销);jbutton btn_esc=new jbutton(退出);pu

32、blic loginfrm()jpanel jp=(jpanel)this.getcontentpane();jpanel jp1=new jpanel();jp1.setlayout(new gridlayout(7,2,5,10);jp1.add(lb_name);jp1.add(txt_name);jp1.add(lb_sex);jp1.add(cmb_sex);cmb_sex.additem(男);cmb_sex.additem(女);jp1.add(lb_profession);jp1.add(cmb_profession);cmb_profession.additem(学生);cm

33、b_profession.additem(教师);cmb_profession.additem(职工);cmb_profession.seteditable(true);jp1.add(lb_unit);jp1.add(cmb_unit);cmb_unit.additem(计算机系);cmb_unit.additem(工商管理系);cmb_unit.seteditable(true);cmb_profession.seteditable(true);jp1.add(lb_idnum);jp1.add(txt_idnum);jp1.add(lb_rdate);jp1.add(txt_rdate)

34、;jp1.add(lb_edate);jp1.add(txt_edate);jp.add(jp1,borderlayout.center);jpanel jp2=new jpanel();jp2.setlayout(new gridlayout(1,4);jp2.add(btn_add);jp2.add(btn_del);jp2.add(btn_back);jp2.add(btn_esc);jp.add(jp2,borderlayout.south);this.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close);this.settitle(图书证办理)

35、;btn_add.addactionlistener(this);btn_del.addactionlistener(this);btn_back.addactionlistener(this);btn_esc.addactionlistener(this);public void actionperformed(actionevent e)public static void main(string args)jframe.setdefaultlookandfeeldecorated(true);loginfrm frm=new loginfrm();frm.setsize(500, 400

36、);frm.setvisible(true);8、完成以下窗体制作（使用null布局）package ex5_8;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class loginfrm extends jframe implements actionlistener jlabel lb_title=new jlabel(学生注册查询);jlabel lb_name=new jlabel(姓名);jlabel lb_snum=new jlabel(学号);jlabel lb_unit=new jla

37、bel(系别);jlabel lb_major=new jlabel(专业);jlabel lb_address=new jlabel(地址);jtextfield txt_name=new jtextfield(jtextfield1);jtextfield txt_snum=new jtextfield(jtextfield1);jtextfield txt_unit=new jtextfield(jtextfield1);jtextfield txt_major=new jtextfield(jtextfield1);jtextfield txt_address=new jtextfie

38、ld(jtextfield1);jbutton btn_add=new jbutton(添加);jbutton btn_inq=new jbutton(查询);jbutton btn_back=new jbutton(取消);public loginfrm()jpanel jp=(jpanel)this.getcontentpane();jp.setlayout(null);jp.add(lb_name);jp.add(lb_snum);jp.add(lb_address);jp.add(lb_major);jp.add(lb_title);jp.add(lb_unit);jp.add(txt

39、_address);jp.add(txt_major);jp.add(txt_name);jp.add(txt_snum);jp.add(txt_unit);jp.add(btn_add);jp.add(btn_back);jp.add(btn_inq);lb_title.setbounds(210,5,200,50);lb_snum.setbounds(80,80,100, 20);txt_snum.setbounds(120,80,100,20);lb_name.setbounds(280,80,100,20);txt_name.setbounds(320,80,100,20);lb_un

40、it.setbounds(80,120,100, 20);txt_unit.setbounds(120,120,100,20);lb_major.setbounds(280,120,100,20);txt_major.setbounds(320,120,100,20);lb_address.setbounds(80,160,100,20);txt_address.setbounds(120,160,300,20);btn_add.setbounds(60, 220, 80, 30);btn_inq.setbounds(210, 220, 80, 30);btn_back.setbounds(3

41、60, 220, 80, 30);this.setdefaultcloseoperation(jframe.exit_on_close);btn_add.addactionlistener(this);btn_inq.addactionlistener(this);btn_back.addactionlistener(this);public void actionperformed(actionevent e)public static void main(string args)loginfrm frm=new loginfrm();frm.setsize(500, 400);frm.setvisible(true); 9、运用swing控件完成下题package ex5_9;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;public class myfrm extends jframe implements actionlistener jlabel lb_num=new jlabel(员工编号：