选修7--unit5语法--定语从句

1、Revision of Non-restrictive Attributive Clauses,Unit 5 Grammar,1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从 句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在 它所修饰的先行词之后。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,Revision,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有when, where, why。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A. 引导定语从句 B. 代替先行词 C. 在定语从句中担当一个成分,限制性定语从句(re

2、strictive) 非限制性定语从句( non-restrictive）,定语 从句,The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉 我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。 His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。,限制性定语从句: 所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义 上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句就失 去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行 词的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号和主 句

3、分开。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:,I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。 (如果把从句部分去掉, 整个句子的含义就 变了。),非限制性定语从句: 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十 分密切, 只是对先行词做些附加说明, 如 果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从 句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话 时须停顿，一般不用that引导。,1. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. 他的狗当时很老了, 生病后就死了。 (去掉从句,

4、 主句的意义仍然完整: 他的 狗生病死了。) 2. Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。 (去掉从句, 意义仍然完整: 昨天我碰上 李雷了。),限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago. B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999. 2.

5、 A. He is a man who I can ask for help. B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。,All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.,里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。,All the magazines here, which have

6、beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.,所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,（杂志只有一种）,His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.,在of which/whom之前可以使用

7、表达数量或定位的数词或代词。,1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US.,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live,

8、is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, wh

9、ere I live, is beautiful.,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,1. He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 2. He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,3. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4. He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,一、 非限制性定语从句通常不能

10、用that引 导。 1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。,非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：,二、 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导 要用for which代替why。 1. I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有 去开会。 2. I had told

11、them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。 (限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是常见搭配。),三、 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。 1. As I expected, he didnt believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。 2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，

12、这让她把心 都提到嗓子眼了。,四、 非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。 1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对 此很生气。 2. I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了 会儿报纸。,五、 在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格wh

13、om; 不能用who替换，也不能省略。 1. Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。 2. This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。 (非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。),六、Which可指前面整个句子。 The sun sends out light and heat, which make

14、s it possible for living things to exist on the earth. 太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球 上生存。 His father is an engineer, _ makes him very proud. A. for what B. which C. that D. what,1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _ is a hospital. A. in where B. to the east of which C. to the east of it D. in the

15、 east of that 2. My brothers purse, _ he put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus. A. there B. which C. in which D. that,课堂练兵,3. His glasses, _ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B. without which C. with which D. without those 4. The computer, _ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned

16、by his uncle. A. which B. for which C. that D. to that,5. In the past we lost many chances, _ we paid little attention. A. which B. that C. in which D. to which 6. The pen, _ I had been writing for ten years, was broken. A. with which B. with that C. as D. with it,7. Mary has two brothers, _ are doc

17、tors. A. both of they B. both of whom C. both of them D. whom of both 8. On the way home I met my friend John, from _ home the thief had stolen a computer. A. whom B. which C. that D. whose,9. Paul, _ everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent. A. that B. when C. which D. whom 10. When deeply abs

18、orbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. what B. as C. that D. who,11. She showed her teacher a reason, _ she was late for school the day before yesterday. A. that B. which C. for which D. why 12. The 10:00 train, _ is usually very punctual, was late this morni

19、ng. A. as B. when C. that D. which,1. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005 辽宁卷) A. which B. when C. where D. that,实战高考,2. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津卷) A. what B. that C. how D. as 3. She was

20、 educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (2006 陕西卷) A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that,4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽卷) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of wh

21、om 5. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007 四川卷) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which,6. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. (2008 湖南卷) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most