牛津高一英语M1定语从句全面复习课件.ppt

1、Revision of the Attributive Clause 定语从句复习,高三英语一轮复习,Overview of The Attributive Clause 定语从句全面复习,Attributive clauses,Attributive clauses are like adjectives and there are two kinds of themrestrictive and non-restrictive. Some relative pronouns (关系代词）and relative adverbs（关系副词） can be used to introduce

2、attributive clauses.,定语从句复习,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句,定语从句在从句中起定语作用，修饰句中的某一名词或代词或指代整个主句，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词(Antecedent)。,Attributive Clause:,Introduction Definition(定义)： 起定语作用的句子叫定语从句。它用来修饰主句中某一成分（名词/代词/整个主句或主句的一部分） The noun it modifies

3、 is called an antecedent.（先行词）,eg. The team who are wearing red,Relatives,The attributive clauses are usually introduced by,eg. The team who are wearing red,Relative pronouns（关系代词）: that, which, who, whom, whose，as,Relative adverbs（关系副词）: when, where, why,引导词,In the attributive clauses, the relative

4、 words usually function as subject, object, predicative, attribute, and adverbial.,引导词（关系词）的作用：1）代替先行词 2）引导定语从句 3）在定语从句中充当一个成分。,Relative pronouns used in attributive clauses,1. The teachers who are present at our class are all experienced teachers. 2. Our class is a big family which consists of 25 g

5、irls and 25 boys. 3. Yao Hui is the boy whose English study is very good in our class. 4. The school where we are studying is very famous. 5. As we all know, our school is 60 years old.,where,who,whose,As,which,基础知识回顾：,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is

6、 called Tom. 3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义,指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who, whom,

7、 that, as which, that, as whose where（=介词+which） when (=介词+which） why (=for+which）,归纳总结,不可省,关系代词,关系代词在从句中,做宾语时可以省略,何时可以省略？,关系副词和先行词的关系,I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you

8、speak.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the reasons =why,in the way =that,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,注意 1,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,The library _ students often study was on fire last night. The library, _ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing. The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.

9、,where,which,(which/that),注意,若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. Ill never forget the time _ I spent on campus. Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.,when,(whichthat),whichthat,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forg

10、et the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,(which/that),where/ in which,(which/that),why/ for which,(that/which),难点解析：几种易混的情况,及物动词,及

11、物动词,及物动词,注意 2,区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句,Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。,When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions. When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句）,Is this the factory _ we visited last week? Is this factor

12、y _ we visited last week? Is this the factory _ his father works?,(that/which ),the one (that),where,This is the house which/that we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。,comparison,The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。,nonrestrictive,restrictive,非限制性定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组

13、成部分；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。,非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。,引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略,引导词：as, who, whom, whose, which, when, where等，不用that或why,不能省略,定语从句,Conclusion,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,4.He ha

14、s two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.,which,考点与难点归纳,考点与难点归纳,1.that与which 2.对the way的考查 3.介词+关系词 4.as/whose的使用 5.对where的考查 6.综合考查,考点,难点,1) Do you have anything _ you dont understa

15、nd? 2) The only thing _ we can do is to give you some advice. 3) Who is the man _ is standing there? 4) Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen. 5) She heard a terrible noise， _ brought her heart into her mouth.,that,that,that,which,which,考点1：that 与 which,1:先行词是everything, nothing, anyt

16、hing, something, much, little, none等不定代词或 由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用 which。 2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时, 引导定语从句用that 。 3: 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用 that 。 4:先行词被the very, the only等修饰且指物时,引导定 语从句用that。 5：当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用 that。,指物，介词后。 2. 用于非限制定语从句中,只使用that应遵循的

17、规则,只使用which应遵循的规则,不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况,He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry. Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again. My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.,which,who,whom,在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。,在下列情况指人用 who 而不用t

18、hat 1.先行词是one / ones / anyone 时要用who One who has nothing to fear can tell the truth. The ones who are often late should be punished. Anyone who breaks the law is punished.,Those who break the law are punished. He who laughs last laughs best. He who breaks the law is punished.,2.先行词为 those, he 时, 用 “

19、who”而不用 “that”.,下列情况只能用which,His dog, which was very old now, became ill and died. Which is the car, the owner of which you know? 1.非限定性的定语从句 2.介词后面,填上合适的关系词并分析原因： 1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/ which/

20、不填,that/in which/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,考点2：the way用做先行词,3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which,高考题链接：,考点3：介词+关系词,1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking? 2. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar. 3. I s

21、till remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.,5. (06浙江) I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which,to whom,with which,on which,This is the child whom/ that I will look after.,4. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。,prep.+which/whom,1. Do you know the boy _ you

22、r mother is talking? 2. He gave me some novels _ I am not very familiar. 3. I still remember the day _ I first got to Paris. 4. Do you like the book _ she paid $10? 5. He built a telescope _ he could study the skies.,for which,through which,on which,with which,to whom,结论: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法

23、一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.,3. _ is known to all, he is the best student. 4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office.,As,which,难点一：as的用法,1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift. 2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.,as,that,归纳：as引导限制性定语从句

24、先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。 as 与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如”。,an adverbial clause,asthatwhich,an attributive clause,as作为关系代词用于the sameas和suchas，soas等固定结构中。如： Ive never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的故事。

25、She is such a nice woman as many people respect. He bought the same car as I bought last year.,Attention,as指人或物，作主语，宾语。,as,As is known to all, having a good knowledge of vocabulary is basic to language learning.,It is known to all that having a good knowledge of vocabulary is basic to language learn

26、ing.,as与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。,习惯用语: as anybody can see as we had expected as often happens as is mentioned above .,模拟训练 ：,1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. （ 模拟训练） A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ p

27、lace _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as,（05 模拟训练）,whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。,This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book (,) of which the cover is blue. This is the book (,) th

28、e cover of which is blue.,难用的 whose,whose 引导的定语从句,表示所属关系。,There are in this class 20 students, _ are different. A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whom C. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose,The boss had heard about the accident. Mr King worked in his department.,his,难用的 whos

29、e,介词+whose 修饰后面的名词,1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。,难点二：一些特殊词之后的where,解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用

30、where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中,在某种情况下” 。,1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when 2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （06江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /,高考题链接：,做题要灵活：要分析句

31、子成分，选择恰当的关系词。,wherethat 1.This is the library_I borrowed the book. 2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when,难点三.综合考查,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查

32、越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,友情提示,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1. We all have heard the news_ our team won. 2. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,that/which,综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句,The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏） A. which; w

33、here B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which,that/which,He is one of the boys who _ present at the meeting now. He is the only one of them who _present at the meeting now.,are,is,若在one of 前加the only, 则定语从句的 谓语动词需用单数。,定语从句中主谓一致的考查,考例 He is the only one of the students who _ a winner

34、of scholarship for three years. (上海春) is B. are C. have been D. has been 点拨 因句中有the only,定语从句修饰的名词为单数；又因为该定语从句的时间状语是for three years, 所以需用完成时态。故选D项。,对比训练与巩固,1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed. 2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what,B,C,3. It was Octo

35、ber_we met in Damiao for the first time. 4. It was in October_we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while,C,A,对比训练,5. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. 6. He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. which,B,C,7. The news came_ the British Que

36、ens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, _ isnt surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as,8. He left the key _he had been an hour before. He left the place _ he lived for many years. A.which B w

37、here C the place which D.the place,(where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) (where 引导定语从句，修饰the place),难点解析：易混情况之含有定语从句的疑问句,Is this house _ you visited last year? A.where B.that C which D.the one Is this the house_you visited last year? A.where B.that C.in which D.the one,D,B,高考真题演练,1.By nine oclock, a

38、ll the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （福建）A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which.,解析：原句应该是这样的：A rare rainbow soon appeared _.这里显然应该填上“above Mount Qomolangma”。我们可以将它改写为above which并用来连接这两个句子,2.The man pulled out a gold watch

39、, _ were made of small diamonds. (陕西卷)A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which,解析：“表的指针”是用钻石造的。这里涉及到了所有关系。在定语从句中，对于事物的所有关系我们可以使用whose + 名词，the + 名词 + of which 或of which the + 名词这三种形式。D项符合 the + 名词 + of which 结构，所以是正确的。,3. Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. （北京