英语国家概况ppt课件

1、A Guide to English-Speaking Countries,英语国家概况,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,1,Chapter One,Geography, People and Language,Contents,I Geography,1. Geographical Features 2. Climate 3. Major Cities,Map of the UK,Read the map to find: Atlantic Ocean North Sea Irish Sea The Engli

2、sh Channel The Republic of Ireland,Geography,The official title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland（since 1927) Conventionally shortened to United Kingdom Abbreviation: UK The UK is made up of: Great Britain ( England , Scotland and Wales ) Northern Ireland,Question to

3、 ponder: People often get confused with the terms “England”, “Britain”, “Great Britain”, “United Kingdom”, and “British Isles”. Even some British people are not fully aware of the precise reality that these terms express. Do these terms mean the same?,England Many people say England when they really

4、 mean The United Kingdom. This is not correct! People in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland consider it insulting and hate hearing Britain being referred to as “England” as it appears to ignore their existence. England is only a constituent country in the UK, and a part of the island of Great Brit

5、ain, together with Scotland and Wales.,Britain Strictly, “Britain” refers to the largest island in the British Isles, which contains modern-day England, Wales and Scotland and islands governed from the mainland (i.e. not Isle of Man or Channel Islands). However, the term “Britain” is more commonly u

6、sed as a political term: an alternative name for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Great Britain Great Britain is the collective name for the three countries of England, Scotland and Wales. It also includes the small adjacent islands but it does not include the Channel Island

7、s and the Isle of Man. Great Britain and Northern Ireland together form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland“, or UK.,The United Kingdom “The United Kingdom” is the abbreviated form for the official name “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland“, which came into

8、use in 1922 after the constitution of the Irish Free State (1922-1937), the former name of the Republic of Ireland.,The British Isles(不列颠群岛） The British Isles is a geographical term for a group of islands consisting of Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, and many other smaller surrounding islands.

9、The British Isles are the largest group of islands in Europe.,Location and territory,Location of the UK: The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49N and 61N and longitudes 8W to 2E Total territory: about 243,000 square kilometers Interesting Fact: No one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles)

10、from the sea.,Topography(地势）,Northern Ireland: Its mostly hilly.,Wales: Its mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainous than North and Mid-Wales.,Scotland: Its geography is varied, with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west.,England: It consists of lowland terrai

11、n, with some mountainous terrain in the northwest, north and southwest.,Ben Nevis in Scotland the highest point in UK,Rivers and Lakes,The longest river: Severn River (about 980 km kilometers long) The second longest river: Thames (330 km kilometers long) The largest Lake in the British Isles: Lough

12、 Neagh（内伊湖）,Thames,The River Thames (泰晤士河),the longest river in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom (332 kilometers long) a historical landmark in the city of London. A boat ride along the Thames is also something that every visitor should experience. Several boat races and activiti

13、es take place along or at the river each year.,Lake District,Lake poets,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dan

14、cing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.,Lake poets,The waves beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A

15、 poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazedand gazedbut little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with

16、 the daffodils.,Kilts,Knee-length skirtlike garment that is worn by men as a major element of the traditional national garb of Scotland. Highland dress is also the uniform of Scottish regiments in the British army, and kilts have been worn in battle as recently as World War II. In Braveheart, Willia

17、m Wallace, a Scottish freedom fighter, wears his kilt high on the thigh while riding.,2. Climate,Main characteristics: Temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation（降水） throughout the year Three major features: Winter fog Rainy days Instability/Changeability,3. Major CitiesL

18、ondon,The River Thames,the capital of England and the United Kingdom the political, industrial, cultural and financial center of the country one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers,Landmarks ,The Canterbury Tales,3. Modern English (15th ),The printing pressbrought standardization to

19、English Samuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spelling Renaissanceassimilated foreign words The Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideas The rise of the British Empire and the growth of global tradeled to the assimilation of words from many other languages,Othello,William Shakespeare (1564-1616) La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no contriud murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thou