Unit-1-The-Correct-Word教学课件

1、Unit 1 The Correct Word,By Wu Wenjuan,Unit Objective,At the end of the unit you will be able to 1. recognize multiple meanings a word may have, ie. Denotative and connotative meanings, affective and collective meanings; 2. identify false friends in English and learn to choose the correct word for an

2、 idea; 3. learn to avoid making errors in subject-verb agreement; and 4. Write a simple note,1. Denotation and Connotation,The denotation of a word refers to its literal meaning, the meaning found in the dictionary, and to many foreign language learners, it seems to be the only meaning a word has; a

3、nd We call the suggested meaning of a word its connotation.,2. Attitude,Some words though similar in their denotative meanings, are diverse in affective meanings which show the attitude of the writer whether he/she thinks favorably or unfavorably of something. For example: 1. What a slim girl she is

4、! 2. How thin the girl is ! 3. The girl is so skinny!,3. Collocations,Certain word tend to occur together regularly, so we call the fixed combination of words collocation. Collocation is a very important language feature and we must make note of that when we learn a language. There are several types

5、 of collocationverb plus noun, adjective plus noun, verb plus adverb, preposition plus noun, verb plus preposition, to name just a few. do somebody a favor do somebody good make a gesture do evil do harm make an effort,3. Collocations,do: 1. to act or take action She told me not to ask any questions

6、, just to do as she did. 2. to arrange something Youve done those flowers beautifully. 3. to be acceptable This kind of behavior just wont do. 4. to provide or sell something, or to cause someone to have something. Theres a special offer on and theyre doing three for the price of two.,3. Collocation

7、s,5. to cheat someone Fifty bucks for that old bike! Youve been done. 6. to clean or tidy, or make something look attractive I want to do (=clean) the living room this afternoon. 7. connected with Shes refused to have anything to do with him since he was arrested for drinking and driving. 8. to cook

8、 or prepare food Ill do you some scrambled eggs. 9. to deal with Lucia is going to do the publicity for the school play.,3. Collocations,10. to be happening This town is so boring in the eveningtheres never anything doing. 11. to make, produce or create something Can you do me 20 photocopies of this

9、 report for me? 12. to develop or continue with the stated amount of success; to manage How is Mary doing in her new job? 13. to perform, take part in or achieve something. do well/ badly by somebody 招待某人周全/不周 do sth about sth 对采取行动 Its a global problem what can individuals do about it?,3. Collocati

10、ons,14. to perform a play or to play the part of a character Shes done all the important Shakespearean roles apart from Lady Mecbeth. 15. to spend time in prison He did three years for his part in the robbery. 16. to punish someone If you mess me again, Ill do you good and proper. 17. to solve, or f

11、ind the answer to something Ive never been able to do crosswords. 18. to enter a building illegally and steal from it. Our house was done while we were away.,3. Collocations,19. to study a subject Diane did anthropology at university. 20. to take an illegal drug How long have been doing heroin? 21.

12、to travel a particular distance or to travel at a particular speed We were doing 150(km an hour ) along the motorway. 22. to visit the interesting places in a town or country, or to look around an interesting place. We didnt manage to do Nice when we were in France.,3. Collocations,make: 1. to arriv

13、e at or reach, especially successfully She made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane. 2. to be or become something, usually by having the necessary characteristics; Or if people or things make a particular pattern, they are arranged in that way. 1. Its a story that would make a good fil

14、m. 2. Those seven bright stars make the shape of a saucepan. 3. to calculate as I make the answer (to be) 105.6. 4. to cause to be, to become or to appear as Its the good weather that makes Spain such a popular tourist destination.,3. Collocations,5. to cause something The bullet made a hole right t

15、hrough his chest. 6. to earn or get How do you make a living as a painter? 7. to force someone or something to do something; Or to be forced to do something 1. The vet put something down the dogs throat to make it vomit. 2. The prisoners are made to dig holes and fill them in again. 8. to cause to b

16、e perfect Those little bows round the neck really make the dress. 9. to perform an action You are not making any effort.,3. Collocations,10. to produce something, often using a particular substance or material; Or to make a film or television programme is to direct, produce it, or act in it. 1. Shal

17、l I make some coffee? 2. John Huston made some great films. 11. to produce a total when added 12 and 12 make 24.,4. False Friends,We call pairs of words similar in appearance or pronunciation but different in meaning false friends. The use of false friends can sometimes add a humorous effect to the

18、text.,advise vs. advice affect vs. effect complement vs. compliment continually vs. continuously angel vs. angle capital vs. capitol conscious vs. conscience credible vs. credulous,False Friends in Translation,busboy busybody dry goods mad doctor eleventh hour sweet water rest room familiar talk bla

19、ck tea green hand,餐馆勤杂工 爱管闲事儿的人 纺织品（美）；谷物（英） 精神病科医生 最后时刻 淡水 厕所 庸俗的交谈 红茶 新手,False Friends in Translation,pull ones leg eat ones words an apple of love bring down the house make ones hair stand on end be taken in think a great deal of oneself pull up ones socks have a fit handwriting on the wall,开玩笑 收

20、回前言 西红柿 博得全场喝彩 令人毛骨悚然恐惧 受骗，上当 高看或看重自己 鼓起勇气 勃然大怒 不祥之兆,False Friends in Translation,What a shame! You dont say! You can say that again! You cant be too careful in your work. It has been 4 years since I smoked. All his friends did not turn up. It cant be less interesting. He was only too pleased to let

21、 them go.,多可惜！真遗憾！ 是吗！ 说得好！ 你工作越仔细越好。 我戒烟年了。 他的朋友没全到。 它无聊极了。 他很乐意让他们走。,4. Grammar: Subject-Verb Agreement,When the subject is compound: A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when it expresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subject is considered individua

22、lly, it takes a singular verb. After a compound subject with or, nor, eitheror, neither nor, notbut, the verb agrees in number of person with the nearest part of the subject. Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do not affect the number of a verb. Such phrase ar

23、e normally introduced by prepositions or prepositional phrases such as as well as, as much as , rather than, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including.,4. Grammar: Subject-Verb Agreement,When the subject expresses quantity: 1. Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and mea

24、surement normally take a singular verb. 2. Some words or phrases, such as all, most, half, the last, the rest, take a singular or plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows. 3. Phrases like lots of, heaps of, loads of, take singular or plural verbs depending on the for

25、m of the nouns that follows. 4. In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, the verb should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.,4. Grammar: Subject-Verb Agreement,When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be sentence: After a re

26、lative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person and number as the antecedent. After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in a compound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form. In the there-be clause, the verb is singular or plural dep

27、ending on the number of the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase in singular.,4. Grammar: Subject-Verb Agreement,Others: Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one and somebody generally requires a singular verb. The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs. The complement of the verb be does not affect its number. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as a unit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as