Basic English U2

1、UNIT 2,Language Structure,See the following sentences and pay attention to the grammar rules they use:,The fact was that John Brown had a car accident. The scissors are not what I need. Have you heard the news that all English students will have to a proficiency test before they can graduate? What I

2、 told him was that I would find him a good play.,語法點：名詞性從句(nominal clause)的用法 What is nominal clause? 名詞性從句是由that, what和各種疑問詞充當連接詞所引導的從句，其功能同名詞一樣。 2. Examples 2.1 The fact was that John Brown had a car accident. (the subject complement introduced by “that” 用that引導的主語補足語) 2.2 The scissors are not wha

3、t I need. (the subject complement introduced by a “wh- word” 用wh-word引導的主語補足語) 2.3 Have you heard the news that all English students will have to a proficiency test before they can graduate? (the appositive 同位語) 2.4 What I told him was that I would find him a good play. (the subject introduce by “wh

4、at” 用what引導的主語),the subject complement introduced by “that” 用that引導的主語補足語,e.g. The fact was that John Brown had a car accident. The truth is that he will never try his best to help a friend. 事實真相是，他從不會盡全力幫助朋友。 My idea is that we should take some new measures. 我想我們應該采取一些新方法。,the subject complement in

5、troduced by a “wh- word” 用wh-word引導的主語補足語,e.g. The scissors are not what I need. This is not how she became a famous singer. 這并非是她成為著名歌手的方法。 That is why he succeeds in everything. 那就是為什么他能夠諸事皆成功。,the appositive 同位語,e.g. Have you heard the news that all English students will have to pass a proficienc

6、y test before they can graduate? Nobody can deny the fact that his idea is the best one of all. 無人能否定這一事實，那就是他的想法是最佳的。 She expressed the hope that she would certainly come in the following week. 她表達了她的意愿，那就是她下周肯定會來。,the subject introduce by “what” 用what引導的主語,e.g. What I told him was that I would fin

7、d him a good play. What she said hurt her friend very much. 她說的話讓她朋友非常傷心。 What we are doing today is something special. 我們今天所做的事情是特別的事情。,A: (Everybody is saying that John Breen had a car accident?) B: But that is not true. / But that isnt a fact. / Not exactly. / No, thats just a rumour. A: (It isnt

8、? / Really? / What is the truth?) B: The fact is that John Brown had a car accident.,Language Structure,Practice 1-A : Seeking and making Clarification 尋求和作出澄清,Language point: rumour: information or a story that is passed from one person to another and which may or may not be true e.g. Ive heard all

9、 sorts of rumours about him and his secretary.我已經聽說了各種關于他和他秘書的傳聞。 Rumour has it that Jeans getting married again. 傳聞說Jean又結婚了。 Where did the rumour start? 傳言是從哪里開始的？,critically: seriously Adj. critical: to judge or be judgmental about someone or something E.g. a man with critical eye 一個具批判性眼光的人 b. s

10、erious E.g. a critical shortage of food 嚴重的食物短缺 essential E.g. a critical element of the plan 計劃的關鍵因素 Phrases: be critical of sth. 对某事表示谴责 be critical about 爱挑剔,A: Lots of people think that in language study, accuracy should come before fluency. Do you agree? B: (No, Im afraid not. / I dont think so

11、. / Not really. / No, I dont agree. /) A: Whats your opinion then? B: (My opinion is that fluency should come before accuracy.),Language Structure,Practice 1-B : Giving ones opinion 提出自己的看法,Language point: competent having enough skill or knowledge to do something to a satisfactory standard opposite

12、 incompetent e.g. He is competent enough to fill that position. 他足以胜任那职位。 competent to do something I dont feel competent to give an opinion at the moment.我覺得我尚無能力在此時提出看法。 competently adverb,A: (Philip told me to bring you these scissors). B: But they arent what I need. A: (What do you need?) B: A p

13、air of shears to cut the hedges with.,Practice 2-A : Seeking and making clarification 尋求和作出澄清,Language Structure,Pictures:,shears n. 大剪刀, 剪床 Eg: He is cutting the branches with a pair of shears. 他正用一把大剪刀剪树枝。 hedge n.灌木树篱; 栅栏; 隔板 Eg:They planted a hedge around the garden. 他们在花园周围栽起了树篱。 boundary,duck;

14、障碍物; 界限 Eg: The town is hedged in by low hills. 这城镇四边有低山环绕。,A: I always travel by plane. B: (Thats how I travel, too.) A: I do that because it saves time. B: (Thats why I do it too.),Practice 2-B : Expressing agreement 表示同意,Language Structure,A: Have you heard the news that all English students will

15、 have to pass a proficiency test before they can graduate? B: (Yes, and Ive been informed that the test will take place in June.) A: Oh, dear! What shall we do? B: (What shall we do? Just be prepared for it. Thats all.),Practice 3 : Asking for and making confirmation 尋求或者作出確認,Language Structure,Lang

16、uage point: Proficiency: a good standard of ability and skill 熟練、精通程度 proficiency in/with/at 在某方面很熟練 a high level of proficiency in English Nicks proficiency with computers is well-known. Proficient: able to do something well or skillfully 熟練的 Martha is proficient in Swedish. 瑞典語 Theres only one way

17、 to become proficient at anything - practice! 要熟練掌握任何事情，都只能通過一種方式：練習！ proficiently adverb,A: (So youre going to act in a play. / So youre planning to act in a play. / You intend to, didnt you? / So youre thinking about / considering acting in a play? /) B: No, Im not. What makes you think that? A: (

18、Harry said you told him so.) B: Oh, no. What I told him was that I would find him a good play.,Practice 4 : Asking for the confirmation of somebodys intention 確認某人的意圖,Language Structure,Friday Evening or Not,Dialogue I,What do you usually do on Friday evenings? What are stand-ins in a play? （Stand-i

19、n 替身演員） What will happen if a performance is a flop? What is the best way to avoid a flop?,Think it,Dialogue I,Questions,Browse through the text, try to answer following questions.,Friday Evening or Not,Why they want to put on an English play? What is the novel about? This is the second time in the

20、history of the college to stage such a grand performance, isnt it? Why B is unwilling to rehearse on Friday evenings? Are all the members of the play asked to come to the rehearsal every Friday evening? What may happen if they dont rehearse often enough?,Dialogue I,Summary of the dialogue 第一段對話的內容小結

21、： A invites B to play a role in an English play. A explains what the play is about and proposes to have a rehearsal every Friday evening. B objects to the proposal, citing many reasons: -Friday evening is not a good time for work. -Everyone goes home. -People have their personal engagements. 3. A te

22、lls B what has been done to ensure successful rehearsals. 4. B accepts the proposal willingly.,summary,Friday Evening or Not,Friday Evening or Not,A: Were going to put on an English play on Hong Kongs return to the motherland. Would you like to have a role in the play? B: Me? A: Yes. Wont you work w

23、ith us? B: Id love to. But whats this play about? A: Its a four-act play adapted from the novel Good Morning, Hong Kong!,B: Oh, I know the story. Ive read it twice. Its a very moving and uplifting novel about how Hong Kong people have been working together to build a new and prosperous community und

24、er the principle of one country, two systems since China resumed sovereignty over this former British colony in 1997. Id certainly feel honored to have a role in the play.,A: Im glad you like it. Yes, our play has as its theme how Hong Kong people successfully govern Hong Kong as a special administr

25、ative region that enjoys a high degree of autonomy.B: Its a full-length play, I suppose.A: Yeah, it is. And its the first time in the history of our college to stage such a grand performance.,B: Im very excited about it. When do we start rehearsing?A: What about this Friday? And every Friday evening

26、 until the dress rehearsal?B: Friday evening? Dont count me in then. I dont like to work on Friday evenings. Besides, everyonell be homeward-bound, or else theyll have some kind of personal engagement.,A: But thats the only time available when we have no classes. I hope it wont trouble you too much.

27、B: All right, all right, Ill try. But Im worried about the others.A: Ive talked to the people of the College Drama Society and those who will play major roles in the cast. Theyre very cooperative and promise to save Friday evenings for this play. No parties, no TV and, of course, no games. As for th

28、e stand-ins, they dont have to come to the rehearsal every Friday evening.,B: Thats fine. What Im concerned about is that its a very important play for the college as well as for us personally. I cant help worrying about its outcome. If we dont rehearse often enough, well get catcalls from the audie

29、nce, or worse! None of us wants the performance to flop. A: Thats right. I really appreciate your concern, but dont worry. Everything will come out all right. Well do it and do it well.,Language Points,Its a four-act play adapted from the novel,Dialogue I,adapt v. alter or modify (a text) for televi

30、sion, the stage, etc 為電視、舞臺等改編或改寫稿本 adapt sth. (for sth.) (from sth.) e.g. This play has been skillfully adapted from the original. 這出戲出色地改編自原著。 The author is going to adapt his play for television. 作者準備把他的劇改編為電視劇。,Its a very moving and uplifting novel,Dialogue I,moving: adj. changing, not fixed 移動的

31、 E.g. a target 一個移動的目標 capable of arousing deep emotion 感人的 E.g. This is a spectacle. 這是個感人的景象。 synonym: stirring, touching, pathetic, affecting 2) uplifting: encouraging 鼓舞人心的 v. uplift to raise, to elevate music that uplifts the spirit. 振奋灵魂的音乐,since China resumed sovereignty over his former Briti

32、sh colony,Dialogue I,resume: v. rizju:m v.to begin again after a pause中斷之后重新開始，再繼續 They will at any price resume their lost child. 他們不惜任何代價找回丟失的孩子。 His persistence was rewarded when they agreed to resume discussions. 他們終于同意繼續談判，這是他堅持不懈的結果。 2) sovereignty: n. svrinti complete freedom and power to act

33、 or govern 主權，統治權 The sovereignty of these islands is in dispute. 這些島嶼的主權存在爭議。 3) resume sovereignty: 恢復行使主權, Hongkong as a special administrative region that enjoys a high degree of autonomy. 享受高度自治的特別行政區,Dialogue I,1) special administrative region: 特別行政區 administrative: a. 行政的 administrator n. 行政長

34、官 administration n.美国总统任期; 美国总统任期内的政府: under sbs administration / during the administration of sb. : during the Kennedy Administration 在肯尼迪总统任期内 2) autonomy: n. the right of self-governed 自治 a. autonomous e.g. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region 廣西壯族自治區,And its the first time in the history of our coll

35、ege to stage such a grand performance. 這是我校歷史上第一次舉辦這么大型的表演。,Dialogue I,Stage a performance 上演，演出 The troupe will stage the ballet performance with new scenery. 芭蕾舞团将配用新布景演出芭蕾舞,dress rehearsal: 彩排; 預演 in rehearsal 在排演中, 在排練中 camera rehearsal(廣播前)攝像機試拍, 攝影排演 rehearse: v. 1. practise (a play, piece of

36、music, etc) for public performance排練（戲劇 樂曲等）; 排演: E.g. rehearse with a full cast, orchestra, etc 與全體演出人員 管弦樂隊等進行預演 * rehearse an opera 排練歌劇 2. (fml 文) give an account of (sth), esp to oneself; recite 講述（某事物）; （尤指）自述, 背誦: E.g. He rehearsed the interview in his mind beforehand. 他把面試時要說的話預先想好了.,count s

37、b/sth in: include sb/sth 把某人某事物算在內: See how many plates we have, but dont count in the cracked ones. 看看我們有多少個盤子, 但不要算有裂紋的. If youre all going to the party, you can count me in, ie I will come with you. 要是你們全都去參加聚會, 就可以把我也算上. count down 倒數計秒（如10 9 8 7.）. count on sb/sth rely on sb/sth with confidence

38、 依靠 依賴 信賴或指望某人某事物: count on sbs help/on sb to help 依靠某人的幫助,Besides, everyonell be homeward-bound. 還有，每個人都想回家。,homeward-bound: intending to go home bound (1) adj. （常與for連用）要往去的；開往去的 be bound for home 回家This train is bound for Shanghai. 這列火車是開往上海的。 (2) -bound (構成復合詞 adj.)向某方向的 We are London-bound. 我們是

39、去倫敦的。 North-bound 北往的 (3) -bound 限制在某個場所的 I dont like being desk-bound all day. 我不喜歡整天拴在辦公室旁。 (4) be bound to do something 注定，一定會 The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. 天氣一定會變好。 (5) be bound up in something 忙于，專心致志于 e.g. He is bound up in his work 他很喜歡他的工作 (6) be bound up with something 與關系密切的

40、 The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community 個人的福利和集體的福利是分不開的,Theyll have some kind of personal engagement.,personal engagement: personal arrangement / appointment, ones own arrangement to do sth. and appointment 個人安排 engagement: n. arrangement to go somewhere, meet s

41、b or do sth at a fixed time; appointment 約會: E.g. I have several engagements for next week. 我下周有幾個約會. * The orchestra has several concert engagements. 這管弦樂隊已安排好幾場音樂會.,society n. organization of people formed for a particular purpose; club; association協會 cast n.GP all the actors in a play, etc. 劇中的演員

42、 the stand-ins: those who take the part of actors/actresses at certain times, or those who take the place of someone else for a time 替身演員,outcome n. effect or result 結果 catcall n. shrill whistle expressing disapproval 噓聲 e.g. His speech was greeted with jeers and catcalls. 他的發言得到別人的譏笑和噓聲。 v. make ca

43、tcalls 發出噓聲 flop v. fail totally; be unsuccessful 彻底失败，不成功 e.g. The new play flopped because the actors didnt know their parts properly. 新戲徹底失敗了，因為演員們沒有正確理解他們的角色。 n. a failure失败 e.g. The party was a complete flop; nobody enjoyed it. 晚會是個巨大的失敗，（因為）沒人喜歡它。,concern n. serious care关心，关怀 e.g. He didnt sho

44、w much concern about it. 他對此不大關心。 Andrew expressed his concern. Andrew表示關切。 I appreciate the teachers concern for his students. 我很欣賞老師對他學生的關心。 v. to worry; to interest 使担心；使关心，关怀 e.g. Please dont let my illness concern you. 不要擔心我的病。 A good doctor should always concern himself with your health. 一個好醫生

45、應該關心你的健康。 Theres no need for you to concern yourself about where I was last night. 你無需關心我昨晚在哪里。,Practice expressions about making invitations.,Invitations,Dialogue II,Practice,How to invite someone to do something with you. How to accept an invitation and / or ask for further details. How to refuse

46、an invitation but suggest an alternative day or time. How to turn down an invitation with an excuse.,Invitations,Dialogue II,Aspects:,DIALOGUE Joan is from Scotland and has just started a new job in London. This is her first weekend in London and shes had no shortage of invitations from her new coll

47、eagues to take her out. Friday night the telephone rings.Joan: Hello, 438 0043.Bob: Hello, Joan, this is Bob. How are you?Joan: Fine, thank you. Im trying to get everything sorted out in the flat.Bob: Oh, I see. Well, I was wondering if youd like to go to a concert on Saturday night. I think itll be

48、 good, and if I remember correctly, you did say you like classical music.,Joan: Yes, thats right, I do. Its nice of you ask. Bob, but I dont think I can. Margaret has already asked me to go to the theatre with her tomorrow night and shes getting the tickets this evening.Bob: Oh, well, never mind. Wh

49、at about next weekend? This concert is still on then, I think, if youre free next Saturday.Joan: Oh, Id like to very much, but what time exactly?Bob: It starts at 7:30, I think.Joan: Oh, good. Thatll be fine. The tennis match will be over by 5 oclock, Im sure.,Bob: How about Sunday, Joan? Do you fee

50、l like going for a ride in the countryside by bike?Joan: Oh, yes. That sounds marvellous, but what time exactly?Bob: I thought, perhaps, about 9:30. If we leave early we can cycle to Greenwich.Joan: I cant, Im afraid, not at 9:30. Ive already arranged to go somewhere at 8 oclock. Can you make a litt

51、le later?Bob: Yes, of course. What about 10:30?Joan: Oh yes, thats fine.Bob: Good, Ill come and pick you up at :30 then, all right?Joan: Yes, surely. I look forward to it. See you on Sunday, Bob. Bye!,Language work,get everything sorted out: put everything in order, get everything tidied up 把東西整理歸類

52、This concert is still on: This concert is still being put on 這個音樂會還有繼續演出 go for a ride by bike: go cycling 騎單車出去玩,we can cycle to Greenwich: we can go to Greenwich by bike 我們可以騎單車去Greenwich Can you make it a little later？能否請你把時間定早一些？: Here make means to arrange a time. e.g. I think I could make it e

53、ight-thirtyif thats all right for you. 我想我可以定在8點半，如果你沒意見的話。 Im afraid I cant make it next Sunday: Ive got another engagement. 我恐怕沒法把時間定在下周日，我有另一個約會。,Stunts in the Cinema,Reading I,1. What does the word “stunt” mean? Where did you see most stunts? Pleas use some words to describe the activity of “Stu

54、nt”. Do you want to be a stuntman? Why? Enjoy a short film about the “Bicycle stunts”. ,Broad Questions,Reading I,Pictures,Stunts in the Cinema,Stunts in the Cinema,Reading I,Who are stuntmen and what do they do? How are action scenes made in films? What has to be done to make stunts look real on th

55、e screen? What is a “blood” pellet? How can an actor crash through a door or window without getting hurt? What types of stunts have been forbidden in todays film production? What is expected of an all-rounder?,Specific Questions,Stunts in the Cinema,Have you ever wondered how action scenes are made

56、in films? The people you see fighting, crashing cars or jumping from buildings are not actors, of course. They are experts called stuntmen. In fights, stuntmen dont even touch each other. They work out their movements before the scene is filmed and they mime the fights. Cameras are placed at an angl

57、e so that you cant tell that the stuntmen are only pretending to hit each other. Sound effects help to make the scene seem real. Did you know that someone stands near a microphone and punches a leg of lamb or a cabbage? This sounds just as if someone is being punched.,Real bullets arent used in film

58、s. Generally, sound effects are all that is needed to make the shooting seem real. The actors, of course, must act as if they had been shot. Stuntmen are used if someone has to fall off a horse or tumble down a staircase in the scene. However, if bullet holes must appear in a door or wall, for examp

59、le, it is more complicated. Before the scene is filmed, small holes have to be drilled where the bullets are to hit. Tiny explosives are placed inside the holes. Then the holes are covered up. At the right moment - when an actor pulls a trigger - someone sets off the explosive. The drilled holes suddenly appear again. On film they will look exactly like bullet holes.,Air rifles are sometimes loaded with blood pellets. When a pellet hits an actor, the red colouring makes him look as if he is wounded. If a bullet is supposed to go t