综合英语(B3).ppt

1、An Integrated English Course Book 3,Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8,Unit 9 Unit 10 Unit 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Unit 16,Unit 1,Fresh Start,LEARNING OBJECTIVES,By the end of this unit, you are supposed to grasp the authors purpose of writing and make clear the struc

2、ture of the whole passage through an intensive reading of Text 1 Fresh Start. comprehend the topic sentences in Text 1 thoroughly and be able to paraphrase them. get a list of new words and structures and use them freely in conversation and writing. be aware of the cross-cultural differences of a fr

3、eshmans experience in college.,Text 1. Fresh Start,Do you remember your first days at college? Did anything special happen then? Are you afraid of making mistakes that cause embarrassment?,The passage can be divided into three parts. Part One: (Paragraphs 1) this is the introductory paragraph. What

4、does “first-gradish” mean? (“having the qualities and characteristics of a first-grade student”) 2. Why did the author have the impression that “everyone on campus was watching me”? (being too sensitive, was uneasy with her identity as a freshman. She thought a new student would attract others atten

5、tion, as what she did or said was liable to be too naive to be right.),Part Two: (Paragraphs 2-9) The writer recalls a few incidents during her first days of college. 1.Why did the author exclaim “what confidence, what reserve, what muscles!” when saw the football player? (college life is new to her

6、, it shows her excitement about the new college life.) 2.Why did a cold sweat break out on the back of her neck? (she found she was in a wrong class.) 4.Why did she remain in the wrong room? (She didntt want others to notice her ignorance.) 5. How did the students react when she slipped and fell dow

7、n? (They cheered and clapped. She felt embarrassed and humiliated.) 6. Why did she dine on junk food for the next three days? (She thought she had become the laughing-stock on campus. She couldntt stand by being laughed at by the students in cafeteria.),Part Three: (Paragraph 10-14): This is the con

8、cluding part. 1. What was the key lesson Evelyn Herald learned during her first few weeks in college? (The key lesson was that since people grow by trial and error, one should relax and be oneself.) 2. What lessons have you learned from Evelyn Heralds experiences after reading the article “Fresh Sta

9、rt”?,LANGUAGE WORK,Distinct: clearly seen, heard, felt, understood, etc.; noticeable E.g. 1) Now that (because of the fact that) the boss no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude. 2) The children have distinct memories of their grandfather in his last days.,Clutch: vt. to hold

10、or grasp tightly; vi. to try to grasp or seize E.g. 1) The frightened woman clutched her bags to her breast. 2) He clutched at the rope we had thrown to him but could not reach it. Reserve: self-restraint in expression; the habit of not showing ones feelings or thoughts E.g. 1) Being a man of reserv

11、e, Mr. York was never popular with his colleagues. 2) Judy has tried every moment to break through the reserve of her stepson.,Whereabouts: n. approximate location; ad. about where; in, at or near what location E.g. The orphans whereabouts is/are still unknown. Whereabouts do you live? Tip off: to g

12、ive an advance warning or hint to E.g. Somebody must have tipped off the burglars off that the house world be empty. Someone tipped off the police about the robbery.,Flail: to (cause something to) wave or swing about wildly E.g. 1) I flailed her arms to get her attention. 2) The babys feet flailed u

13、nder the quilt. Rear end: buttocks臀部 Rear-view mirror 后视镜 rearguard 后卫部队 V. bring up and educate children Somebodys heart goes out to somebody: used to say that someone feels a lot of sympathy towards another person E.g. His heart went out to Mrs. Bradshaw and her fatherless child.,Slink: to go or m

14、ove in a quiet, stealthy way; to move as if one feels guilty or ashamed, or does not want to be seen E.g. 1) She tried to slink out of the office so that nobody would see her. 2) The cat slunk through the grass toward its prey. Malicious: having the nature or wish to hurt others E.g. a malicious rem

15、ark,Shackle: a metal fastening, usually one of a pair, for encircling and confining the ankle or wrist of a prisoner or captive; a restraint or check to action or progress, often used in the plural form E.g. 1) The policeman placed shackles on the suspects hands. 2) It is hard to break through the s

16、hackles of habit.,QUESTIONS,What is the text concerned with? What is the message of the text?,MAIN IDEAS 0F TEXT 2,A University Stands and Shines was the authors response to a toast in his honor. In the text, he highly evaluates the significance of university and the honor of being a member of a uni

17、versity. A Topic to discuss How do you think a university is even more enduring than religions and dynasties?,Unit 2,Tyranny of the Urgent,LEARNING OBJECTIVES,By the end of this unit, you are supposed to grasp the authors purpose of writing and make clear the structure of the whole passage through a

18、n intensive reading of Text 1 Tyranny of the Urgent. comprehend the topic sentences in Text 1 thoroughly and be able to paraphrase them. get a list of new words and structures and use them freely in conversation and writing.,Text 1. Tyranny of the Urgent (“暴虐急事”的奴隶),I. Pre-reading questions: 1.Do yo

19、u often feel pressed by time? Do you hate meeting deadlines? 2.Do you think the busier you are, the more accomplished your life will be?,Sample for Reference: 1.I often feel pressed by time and I hate meeting deadlines. It is usually the case that several days before the exams, I find that still so

20、many lessons left to be prepared, and still so many questions left unresolved. In order to meet the deadlines, I have to work day and night to make them up. Thus, it always gives me a sense of high pressure in face of such occasions.,2.I do believe that busier life can bring us a sense of accomplish

21、ment. For example, if I lie on bed all day along and do nothing except sleep on weekends, I feel a little bit guilty for killing so much time in idle. Instead, I prefer to get up at usual time and do something more meaningful, for instance, to do some cleaning, to meet some friends, to read some fav

22、orite books and the like. I think the busier life can make every day more colorful and meaningful.,II. Background information (1),Charles E. Hummel Hummel died in August 2004. He was formerly director of faculty ministries for Inter Varsity Christian Fellowship and president of Barrington College in

23、 Rhode Island. He was the author of fifteen books and Bible studies, including The Galileo Connection, Fire in the Fireplace, and the bestselling booklet, Tyranny of the Urgent.,Background information (2),Charles E. Hummel的缓急之辨、这本讲时间管理的小书，原书名Tyranny of the Urgent，有人译为急事的奴隶，也有译为燃眉的暴政，是帮助忙碌异常的现代人，在许多紧

24、急事情中分辨先后的实用手册，资料显示此书已在国外销售百万多册，而因与成功有约闻名的柯维，更在天下最近帮他出的新书与时间有约引用本书内容，诸此种种皆显示缓急之辨的重要。Hummel最新的一本中译著作则是自伽利略之后。,III. Related sayings nor is that of a manager when he mounts a higher position in his company.,3.F Hard work does not wear us out. We can still feel a sense of achievement and joy upon accompl

25、ishing a difficult and important task. It is doubt and misgiving that make us weary when we look back and find so many tasks left undone that should have been finished.,4.T Urgent things are those that call for immediate action and hold momentary appeals; they are not necessarily important in the lo

26、ng term. Important things rarely must be done today or tomorrow.,(3). 1. No. We must ensure we are working hard on important things rather than those that are merely urgent. 2.Learning to prioritize. We shouldnt let the urgent crowed out the truly important things while merely doing those that are n

27、ot really important.,3.Because urgent things call for instant attention and immediate action while important things hardly do so. If we crowed out schedule with too many urgent engagements, we will have less time to deal with truly important things.,4.The development of modern science and technology

28、, especially that of the modern means of communication, is accused as an accomplice of the tyranny of the urgent. The telephone line tied us to the fast-growing outside world to which we have to give instant response. So our life has been cursed with endless callings and intrusions, for which the de

29、velopment of modern technology is partially responsible.,5.No. The message the writer wants to convey is that we should not let urgent things crowed out important things. He does not mean we should leave urgent things unnoticed.,IV. Structural Analysis (P17) The author supports his argument by using

30、 a number of facts and examples in addition to reasoning.,V. Rhetorical features of the text (P17) So we find ourselves working more and enjoying it less (Para 2); we have left undone those things, which we ought to have done; and we have done those things which we ought not to have done. (Para 3),V

31、I. Close Reading The passage can be divided into three parts. Part One: (Paragraphs 1-2) The first two paragraphs serve as an introduction. In the first paragraph, the writer mainly explains why people wish for a thirty-four hour day. In the second paragraph, he goes on to explain why this extra tim

32、e may not help people much. The following questions are to be considered: 1. How does the author introduce his topic? (by a rhetorical question),2. Does the author believe that this extra time will help people to ease the pressure? (No. The author does not think that the prolongation of time may sol

33、ve the problem of shortage of time once for all because ones work is endless.),LANGUAGE WORK 1. relieve: lessen or remove (pain, distress, anxiety, etc.) 减轻或解除（痛苦，困苦，忧虑等）； relieve oneself 解小便或大便 relieve ones feelings 发泄感情 relieve sb of sth 解除某人的负担、责任等 relieved adj. 宽慰的,2. Trail: a stream of dust, sm

34、oke, people, vehicles, etc. behind something moving 痕迹，踪迹 a trail of-a series of E.g. 1) He went inside, leaving a trail of muddy footprints behind him. 2) The typhoon has left a trail of death and destruction across much of the area.,3.Unanswered letters, unvisited friends, unwritten articles, and

35、unread books haunt quiet moments when we stop to evaluate. （Parallelism (P17)） Paraphrase: Letters left unanswered, friends that are unvisited, articles remained unwritten, and books which are unread obsessed the tranquil moments when we stop to make a judgment. evaluate: find out or form an idea of

36、 the amount or value; assess 评价，评估 未能回复的信件、未能拜访的朋友、没有写的文章、没有读的书，这一切我们未能做完的事情在我们停下来思考时让我们心神不定。,4.haunt: v. to be always in the thoughts of 常（在脑中）出现 E.g. 1) The decision to leave her children now haunts her. 2) Thirty years after the fire he is still haunted by images of death and destruction. be haun

37、ted by 被-萦绕（缠绕） n. 常去的地方 This pub is one of my favourite haunts.,5.desperate: (1) feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger 感到绝望而不惜冒险的，拼命的，不顾一切的 The prisoners grew more desperate. (2) extremely serious or dangerous 极严重的，极危险的 A desperate situation， illness 危局，重病,（

38、3）in great need (of sth/ to do sth ) 极需要，极度渴望的 desperate for sth /to do sth He was desperate for work to provide for a large family. 他渴望有个工作,挣钱供养子女众多的家。 Adv. desperately,6.Wouldnt we soon be just as frustrated as we are now with our twenty-four allotment? Paraphrase: We would soon be just as distres

39、sed as we are now, when we have 24 hours a day. frustrated：discouraged；not satisfied；unable to be successful in ones chosen career沮丧的，不满的，受挫的 frustration n. 一天有30个小时来支配我们就不会象现在这样沮丧吗？,7.allot: give time, money, duties, etc. as a share of what is available ; apportion sth. 分配，拨给，摊派（时间，钱，任务等） Who will

40、she allot the easy job to ? We did the work within the time theyd allotted to us. allotment: the action of allotting,8.exacting: (of a person or piece of work) demanding much care, effort and attention 苛求的，严格的，急需努力的 E.g.1) The trains used in the Channel Tunnel （海峡隧道）have to conform to exacting fire

41、safety standards. 2)Volunteers are needed for an exacting assignment.,Part Two: (Paragraphs 3-5) This is the main body of the essay. The writer explains the people of priorities and explores the cause of “tyranny of the urgent”. 1. What is the problem of priorities? (What should people deal with fir

42、st when confronted with endless work?) 2. When are people liable to frustration? (When they find numerous tasks unfinished and especially when they find that they have left the important tasks aside.),3. Why do people often delay an important task? (People are constantly driven by urgent tasks while

43、 they are usually given more time to accomplish important tasks. As a result, they are likely to lack a sense of urgent for important tasks.,LANGUAGE WORK 1.When we stop to evaluate, we realize that our dilemma goes deeper than shortage of time; it is basically the problem of priorities. Paraphrase:

44、 When we stop to make a judgment , we find that our puzzle is more complex than the lack of time; it is fundamentally the problem of selecting the more important and more urgent activities from the trivial ones. 当我们停下来思考的时候，我们意识到我们的两难境地并不只是时间少的问题；它其实是一个孰先孰后的问题。,2.dilemma: a situation in which one ha

45、s to make a difficult choice between two courses of action, both perhaps equally undesirable E.g. 1) The doctors dilemma was whether he should tell the patient the truth or not. 2) The president finds himself in a dilemma over how to tackle the crisis.,3.Priority: something that needs attention, con

46、sideration, service, etc. before others 优先的事物，优先解决的问题 E.g. 1) You have to learn to get your priorities straight. 2) Getting your priorities in order is an effective way not to waste time on trivial or even meaningless pursuits. .get ones priorities right/ wrong 能或不能按轻重缓急行事,4.We all know what it is t

47、o go full speed for long hours, totally involved in an important task; the resulting weariness is matched by a sense of achievement and joy. Paraphrase: We all know what the result will be, when working for long hours with full speed, and we devoted ourselves wholeheartedly to an important arrangeme

48、nt, which will bring us great weariness. This kind of weariness can be matched by a sense of accomplishment and happiness.,我们都知道高负荷长时间专注于重要任务的滋味，但是，这种工作的疲倦感被一种成就感和快乐感所抵消。 be involved in 涉及，专心 He was involved in a heated discussion. We were totally involved in the exciting film and moved deeply. wear

49、iness: tiredness, especially as a result of effort or endurance 疲倦，厌烦 be matched by-be equal to,5.misgiving: (a feeling of ) doubt, distrust, or feel, especially about a future event 疑虑，担忧 He was filled with misgiving。 The plan seemed utterly impractical and I was filled with misgiving about it. 他不安

50、地看着阴云密布的天空。 He looked with misgiving at the overcast sky.,6.review (1) go over (work already learnt) in preparation for an exam; revise 复习 （2）re-exam or reconsider 复查或重新考虑 The government is reviewing the situation.政府正在重新检讨形势 (3) go over (especially past events) in ones mind; survey 思考，回顾 review ones

51、 successes and failures 反审自己的成败,7.We sense demands have driven us onto a reef of frustration. a reef of frustration: metaphor (P16) reef: the rock at or near the surface of the water witch may make ships wreck Paraphrase: we fell frustrated for those unfinished tasks. 我们感觉各种紧迫的要求已经将我们置身于沮丧的暗礁。,8.Con

52、fess to (sth./doing sth.) （1）say or admit, often formally (that one has done wrong, committed a crime, etc.) 坦白 The prisoner refused to confess (his crime). She finally confessed (to having stolen the money). （2）acknowledge , often reluctantly 承认 He confessed himself totally ignorant of their plans.

53、 Cf: confession ,confessional告解室， confessor告解神父,9.We have left undone those things, which we ought to have done; and we have done those things which we ought not to have done. Paraphrase: For those things we have to deal with, we left them undone; while for those things we should not deal with, we h

54、ave made them. 我们没有做那些应该要做的事情，而做了那些不应该做的事情。,10. crowd out: to keep out for lack of space ; prevent sb or sth from operating successfully 挤占某空间使某人/某物无法进入；排挤某人/某物 E.g. Pressure on study space has crowded out new students from many university libraries. Small shops are being crowded out by the big supe

55、rmarkets. crowd around 聚集在-周围 crowd on sail 扬起许多风帆（以增加速度） crowd into sth; crowd in 大批涌入,11.He didnt realize how hard his maxim hit. It often returns to haunt and rebuke me by raising the critical problem of priorities. Paraphrase: He did not realize what an impact his words had on me. They often ret

56、urn to my mind and reproach me with the grave problem of priorities. 他没有意识到他的这句警言有多大的震撼力。他的这句话经常萦绕在我脑海，指出关键问题的轻重缓急来反驳我。,maxim: a short saying that expresses a general truth or rule for good and sensible behavior E.g. Aesops fables illustrate moral maxims. hit : have a bad or sudden effect on (a pers

57、on, thing or a place) 对-产生不良的或意外的影响；使痛苦 Rural areas（乡村地区） have been worst hit by the strike.,rebuke: to speak angrily to someone E.g. 1) Her mother rebuked her for frightening her brother. 2) He was rebuked for cheating.,12. The problem is that the important task rarely must be done today, or even t

58、his week. The urgent task calls for instant actions -endless demands, pressure every hour and day. Paraphrase: The problem is that the important arrangement scarcely needs to be finished today, or even this week. The urgent arrangement demands immediate actions-incessant requirements, pressure can b

59、e sensed every hour and day.,Part Three: (Paragraph 6): In this paragraph, the writer comes to the conclusion that we have become slaves to the “tyranny of the urgent”. 1. Why does the author say: “A mans home is no longer his castle”? (A castle is a strongly-built building fortified against attacks, especially as in former times. In old days, one might be kept away from all the worries about work once he was back home. But in modern times, with the development of