主谓一致课件1.ppt

1、1,Agreement,主谓一致,YuanXiaofeng,Useful structures,语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and

2、Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,are,knows/know,5,做主谓一致题的三原则： 一、语法一致原则 二、就近原则 三、意义一致原则,6,1.单数名词作主语，谓语用 数，主语为复数名词，谓语

3、动词用 数。 2.不定式，动名词，从句作主语谓动用 数，定语从句的谓语动词取决于 。 3. 主语后面有as well as ,except , but, with 等引导的词时 ，谓语的单复数通常与这些词前面的主语 。 4.each(eachand each,),every (everyand every或 some-,any-,every-，no-构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语用 数。 5.either,neither作主语，谓语动词常用 数。,复,语法一致,先行词,保持一致,单,单,单,单,7,谓语动词该用单数还是用复数形式，取决 于最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的单复数。 Either _

4、A_ or_ B _ Neither _A_ nor _ B_ Not only_A_but also_B_ There be _ A _ and _ B_,就近原则,动词,Thinking makes you clever,就近原则,8,1.There are some water and an apple on the desk._ 2.Either her mother or her father call for her everyday._ 3.Not only you but also he are in trouble._ 4.Either his brothers or he

5、have a car._ 5.Are he or she afraid to go out at night?_,_,is,_,calls,_,is,_,has,_,Is,就近原则小诊所,9,1.主语是family , police等词，谓语根据意义可用 数. 2.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语取决于它代指的 所 表示的意义。 3.时间、距离、金钱再多也是 数。 4.None of +复数名词作主语，谓语可用 数形式。 5. all, some, most, any, the rest, 分数或百分数等作主语时，谓语依照后面的 而确定。 6.The +adj.作主语，谓语用 数。,单或复,名词,单

6、或复,名词的单复数,复,单,意义一致,1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。,are,is,None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。,is,is,None 和 neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常

7、看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。,Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.,None of them _ (know) how to teach English.,knows/know,knows/know,2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。,Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。 Ha

8、lf of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.,have,is,are,3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。,His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family _all mus

9、ic lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,is,are,4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。 The police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.,are,are,5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everythi

10、ng, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone_ asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing _ found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。,is,is,6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如: The shoes _ worn out. 鞋子破了。 The pair of shoes _ worn out. 这双鞋破了。,are,is,名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses

11、, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数。,某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 物理是一门很有趣的学科。,Physics is a very interesting subject.,8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each w

12、oman_ asked to attend.,is,班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。 听不到任何声音。,Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.,No sound and no voice is heard.,9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books_ on the desk. The number of students in you class _ 50.,are,is,10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,

13、作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means _ useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means _ useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。,is,are,11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a boy _ （have）seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。 12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数

14、。 Thirty years _ （be）not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.,has,is,25,Watch and talk again. 1.None of people _ (like) to get up early in the morning. 2.The rich _(have) much money. 3.His friends books are new ,but his _(be) old. 4._(be) there any police around? 5.His family _(be) not lar

15、ge. 6.Ten pounds _(be) not so heavy.,Likes/like,have,are,Are,is,is,1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人), 但this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如：,

16、应该注意的几个问题:,This kind of men _(be) dangerous. Men of this kind _（be）dangerous. 2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如: Between the two windows _（hang）a picture.,is,are,hangs,3. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面

17、的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:,Lots of damage(损失)_ caused by fire.(be) About three-fourths of the earths surface _ (be)covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here _women. 和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数”。但是,“the number of + 名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：,was,is,are,A number of students _

18、（have）gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest. The number of pages in this book _（be）two hundred.,have,is,注意: a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people _ （be）needed here.,is,quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如: Quantities of food (nuts) _

19、 （be） on the table. 短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量”。,were,4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:,A large amount of (A great deal of) damage _ （be）done in a very short time. Large amou

20、nts of money _ （be）spent on the bridge.,was,were,5. 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas _ （be） left on the table.,is,6. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf ,

21、the injured, the wounded等; 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：,The blind _ in special school. The departed(死者)_ a well-known engineer. 这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man, person 或表示人的单数连用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.,study,was,35,由此我们要注意： 1、一些学科名词是以 -ics 结尾,如:maths, politics, physics 以及n

22、ews等,作主语时,其谓语要用单数。 2. glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 3、and 连接两个单词做主语时，要看表示的 意义来决定谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数。 4、 a number of许多,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of的数量,主语是number,谓语用单数。,36,【 SUM UP 】 中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空，词语运用等。 做这类题时， 一、必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根

23、据记忆 的知识 作出判断。 二、要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和 就近原则。,主谓一致练习,1. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing 2. Thirty dollars _ too expensive. A. are B. is C. were D. be,3. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor. A. wants

24、to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/their C. will buy the book/ones D. wants to have the book bought/her 4. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left,5. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower. A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand 6. - Shall I wa