unit7Grammar.ppt

1、Grammar,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、空想等。,The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。 该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。 只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。,通常有三种情况： 与过去事实相反。 与现在事实相反。 与将来事实可能相反。,与过去相反,e.g. If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.,If you had got up earlier, you could hav

2、e caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。,If they had studied hard, they could have done it easily that day.,如果他们以前努力学习的话，那天干的就会容易些。,如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干的这样好。,If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt have done it much better like this.,If I _ time last night, I _ to see the film with you.,had had,would hav

3、e gone,If he _ more carefully, he_ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I _ how to swim,had learnt,I _ trapped in this island.,would not have been,the mall would not be on fire now.,If the staff had been more careful,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。,例句中从句

4、与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反。,If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.,与现在相反,e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.,If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon.,What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would,If I won the lottery, I woul

5、d buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,If it were fine today, I would go shopping.,If I _ a teacher, I.,were,与将来相反,1. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.,2. If he sho

6、uld fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.,如果你成功了，一切都会好起来。,If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.,If he got up early, he would be on time,wish,in Subjunctive mood,虚拟语

7、气的特殊用法：,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,demand suggest order propose request command insist,+(should ) do,表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,as if / as though,did: 与现在事实相反的,ha

8、d done: 与过去事实相反或想象的事物,方式状语从句中的虚拟语气,He behaves as if he owned the house.,( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.,Explain the sentences,1. I wish I could remember more about my mum. Its a pity

9、 that she isnt here and that we are sick. 2. I wish people would find out the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.,Its a pity that it is difficult for people to find out the facts about AIDS and that they think that I am a bad or dangerous person. 3. If I were you, I would give

10、an AIDS patient a hug. I think that you should give an AIDS patient a hug.,4. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. I will know I have HIV because I will feel sick. And in fact I dont have HIV.,Make wishes using the Subjunctive Mood.,I wish I could get all beautiful dresses.,2. I wis

11、h I could get to the moon.,3. I wish I had a magic lamp to achieve all my wishes.,Practising,Rewrite the sentences with I wish 1. I cant solve my problems. I wish I could solve my problems. 2. Youve been working too hard. I wish you hadnt been working too hard.,3. I cant forget the terrible scene. I

12、 wish I could forget the terrible scene. 4. We havent got enough money. I wish I had got enough money. 5. Im afraid the performance wont go well. I wish the performance would go well.,6. I dont have many friends. I wish I had many friends. Rewrite the sentences with if-clause. 1. I want to buy these

13、 books, but I dont have enough money. If I had enough money, I would buy these books.,2. It is cold and wet outside. We dont let the children play in the garden. If it werent cold and wet outside, we would let the children play in the garden. 3. Youre wasting so much time playing computer games. You

14、 wont pass the test.,If I were you, I wouldnt waste so much time playing computer games. 4. He has to work hard all day long, so he doesnt have time to do the shopping. If he didnt have to work hard all day long, he would have time to do the shopping.,Write your answer to the following questions. Wh

15、at would you do if . you were a famous person for a day? If I were a famous person for a day, I would help the poor people. you could be invisible for a day?,If I could be invisible for a day, I would experience the life of blind people. you had a lot of money? If I were a billionaire, I would buy w

16、hat I want. you could change one thing about yourself ?,If I could change one thing about myself, I would get rid of my shortcomings. you were the teacher? If I were the teacher, I would set an example to my students.,Complete the following sentences with as if . 1. Sarah looks at her husband _ _(st

17、ranger) 2. They are talking _ _ (friends),as if he were a stranger,as if they were friends,4. I remember the whole thing _ _ (yesterday),as if it had happened yesterday.,3. They are talking _(kid),as if I were a kid.,1. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C.

18、 would miss D. missed,Consolidation exercises,2. It was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A. not take B. shouldnt have taken C. didnt take D. hadnt taken,3. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him

19、 very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 4. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been,5. - Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A.

20、 breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,7. (2002上海)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall,8. If it _ so hard，wed go to town. A. isnt raining B. werent raining C. doesnt rain D. has rain 9. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. saw B. did see C. had seenD. were to see,10. Hi