新标准大学英语综合教程4unit6答案

1、All in the past Unit 6 Unit overview Unit key featuresOrganizing suggestions Passage 1 Winston Churchill Passage 2 The historian and his facts Passage 1 is a piece of historical writing. Passage 2 contains reflections on the nature of history and historical facts. Passage 1 is a historical character

2、 sketch. Its basic form is narrative. The writer assumes quite a lot of historical background so Ss will need support on this aspect. Passage 2 will be harder for most Ss because of its philosophical nature. The passage begins as a lecture and has a rather witty conversational tone. Reading skills (

3、a) Predicting (b) Appreciating rhetorical devices: personification, synonymy, antonymy, repetition (c) Understanding text organization Use Passage 1 for skills (a) and (b), and use Passage 2 for skills (a) and (c). Consult the Further teacher development section for more on the rhetoric of Passage 1

4、. It will enable T to show deeper understanding of the style. EnsurethatSsareconfidentofthemeaning before looking at points of style. Speaking skills Giving reasons Cooperating to establish meaning Encourage Ss to comment on the viewpoints and quotations and give their reasons. Let Ss try to work ou

5、t orally with their partner what the various statements and quotes for discussion mean. Writing skills and tasks Guided writing: presenting a biased argument Unit task: Writing a report on an important historical event or discovery The instructions in the Guided writing section are very clear and he

6、lpful. Ask Ss to follow the instructions in their argument. The Unit task will demand a little historical research to remind Ss of the facts they need. Cognitive skills Skills of comparison Achieving effects on readers Drawing subtle distinctions Identifying the significance of historical facts Ss c

7、ompare different types of history and approaches to learning the subject Ss establish the difference between facts and historical facts Ss present historical facts and explain their significance. Reading across cultures Bringing history to life The passage is about comparison between traditional mus

8、eums and hands-on living history museums. The passage is straightforward, and the Guided writing section exploits it well. Unit 6Allinthepast 204 Teaching suggestions and answer keys Starting point 1 Work in pairs. Discuss why the people in the pictures are important. Mahatma Gandhi (18691948) was a

9、 resolute opponent of colonialism and British rule in India. He also resisted racial prejudice, but his greatest claim to fame was his belief in non-violent action. His main weapon was “passive resistance”, a refusal to obey the authorities. He also tried to keep the Muslims and Hindus of Indiafromf

10、ighting. Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) is seen as the great example of the Renaissance man, not only a great painter (Mona Lisa, The Last Supper), but a sculptor, engineer and scientist. His notebooks show the range of hisideasandknowledge,includingideasforflightandthehelicopter. Albert Einstein (187

11、91955) was a great mathematician and scientist who changed the way we see the universe. He was also a strong advocate of the moral and peaceful use of science. Einstein is best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics and is oft

12、en regarded as the father of modern physics. Christopher Columbus (c14511506) was a navigator, and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. 2 Choose the type of history you think is most important. Teachi

13、ng tips Establish that Ss know the differences between the various types of history. Ask for an example of the sort of thing they would learn about each type (methods of farming / political policies / weapons / poets / astronomy /contact with other parts of the world etc). I choose social history as

14、 it is the history of the majority of people. The Marxist school of historybelievesthesocial/economicframeworktobethemostsignificantfactorinhistorical change. Thesortofhistorythatisimportanttousislargelyamatterofwhatissignificanttousnow.Our world is organized into states and our daily lives are domi

15、nated by technology so I think it is natural for us to emphasize political history and the history of science. 3 Work in pairs. Talk about the qualities which make someone an important historical figure. The number of people their lives affected then and now / their achievements / their morality / t

16、he size of their ambition / outstanding human virtues or vices AllinthepastUnit 6 205 Additional activity T can ask Ss to do one of the following activities to introduce them to the subject of history. 1 Ask Ss randomly to complete the sentence: History is . 2 Ask Ss what they thought of their histo

17、ry lessons at school. 3 AskSstogivetheirfirstreactiontothewordhistory eg the past, boring, emperors. Active reading (1) 1 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions. 1 Who was Winston Churchill? (a) Head of the British Army. (b) President of the US. (c) British Prime Minister. 2 Which

18、 of these events is Churchill most famously associated with? (a) World War I. (b) World War II. (c) The English Civil War. 3 Which of the lines did Churchill say in a speech? (a) I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. (a quote from Winston Churchill in 1940 on becoming Prime Minis

19、ter) (b) Ask not what your country can do for you ask what you can do for your country. (a quote from John Kennedy on inauguration as US President, 1961) (c) In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends. (a quote from Martin Luther King Jr.) 2 Read the fi

20、rst paragraph of the passage and predict what the passage is likely to be about. The passage is . (a) an extract from a biography of Churchill (b) a pen portrait of Churchill (c) a comparison of important historical people Winston Churchill Background information The book is by Mo Mowlam, an intelle

21、ctual and popular senior politician who died in 2009 as a result of brain cancer. Culture points Lord Randolph Churchill (18491895) was a British statesman. He was the third son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough. He was the father of the future wartime Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Sir Winston

22、Churchill,whowrotethefirstmajorbiographyofLordRandolph. Unit 6Allinthepast 206 Clementine Churchill (18851977) was the wife of Sir Winston Churchill and a life peeress in her own right. She did do charity work, but basically she devoted herself to looking after her husband and bringing up theirfivec

23、hildren. Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18691940) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. Chamberlain is best known for his appeasement foreign policy. When Adolf Hitler continued his aggression, Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939,

24、 and ChamberlainledBritainthroughthefirsteightmonthsofWorldWarII. Language points 1 to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime. (Para 2) 1 tofightagainstanevildictatorshipworsethananythathasexistedbeforeinhumanhistory,despiteall the terr

25、ible men there have been in the past. 2 But self-belief was something he maintained despite rather than because of his family. (Para 4) YoumightthinkthatcomingfromsuchagreatfamilywaswhatgaveChurchillhisself-confidence,but actually his family did nothing to encourage him. 3 His father Lord Randolph C

26、hurchill and his mother, Jennie were both cold and distant people. (Para 4) Cold and distant people refer to those who are not willing to show or give affection, very formal and unemotional. 4 Winstons father predicted his child would “degenerate into a shabby, unhappy and futile existence”. Winston

27、s father predicted that Winston would get worse as he grew older and would have an uninteresting, unrespectable, sad and pointless life. 5 This was the onset of his first major bout of depression, a curse he called his “black dog”. (Para 8) Black dog here is a metaphor. Depression is seen as dark /

28、black, and it follows one around as does ones dog. It is also capable of biting / causing pain. Black dogs are also associated with the Devil. 6 She kept him together, but he got himself out of it, in true Churchillian fashion. (Para 8) Clementine helped her husband a lot at that bad time to functio

29、n from day to day, but it was his typical personal mental strength that brought him back to normal. 7 But by 1930, Labour was in power and he was on the backbenches, a nobody and a has-been. (Para 9) Someone on the backbenches refers to a member of Parliament without a government position (ministers

30、 sit on the front row of seats / benches and their followers and supporters behind them). A nobody, and a has-been refers to a person of no importance in politics, and someone with only a past, not present or future. 8 He largely sat out the 1930s at his country retreat Chartwell. (Para 9) The expre

31、ssion sat out is a metaphor from sport: Some players sit on a bench as reserves. Churchill was like this politically and no one asked him to leave his seat and come and play / take part. He did not need to be in London much and could stay at home in the countryside. AllinthepastUnit 6 207 9 The bill

32、boards said “Cheer Churchill, Vote Labour”, and thats what people did. (Para 12) During elections large posters are put up. The Labour Party, Winstons opponents in the election, did not attack him personally. They said it was correct to like and admire Winston, but not to vote for his party which di

33、d not have good policies, and people agreed. 10 That was the irony. The very democracy that Churchill was prepared to lay down his life to defend was the same democracy that knew the difference between the needs of peace and the needs of war. (Para 12) It seems ironic that after fighting so hard and

34、 bravely to keep Britain a democracy, Churchill was removed from power by a democratic vote. But the British knew that a great war leader may not be a good peacetime one. 11 If Britain its eccentricity, its strength of character, its big-heartedness had to be summed up in one person, it was him. (Pa

35、ra 13) Britain has always valued individuals who behave in their own unique way, people who are not easily persuaded to do what they dont want to, and who accept others in a spirit of generosity. In this way, Churchill can be seen as being the model Briton. Reading and understanding 3 Number the eve

36、nts in the order they happened. 5 The allied forces declared victory in World War II. 3 Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. 4 Churchill became Prime Minister. 1 Churchill fought in the Boer War. 6 Churchill lost the general election. 2 Churchill elected to the British Parliament. 4

37、Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 In the summer of 1940, Britain (a). (a) was likely to be attacked by another country (b) was surrounded by enemies (c) was intending to attack another country (d) had been attacked by another country 2 Churchill suggested that Britain (b). (a) would w

38、in a terrible victory (b)neededtofightadifficultwar (c) must prevent a terrible crime (d) was a democratic country 3 Winstons father thought he was (c). (a) an intelligent and handsome boy who would be rich (b)astrongandbraveboywhowouldfightforhiscountry (c) a weak, miserable boy, unlikely to be suc

39、cessful (d) a hard-working boy who would follow in the family tradition Unit 6Allinthepast 208 4 The writer suggests that as an MP Churchill (d). (a) promoted the interests of trade unionists (b) was not interested in law and order (c) disliked the attitude of the suffragettes (d) used the army to s

40、uppress people who wanted to change society 5 The writer suggests that Churchills early ambition was (a). (a) to be an important military man (b) to play with soldiers (c) to win a war (d) to live in a palace 6 Winston fought as an ordinary soldier because (c). (a) he was married to a younger woman

41、(b) he became depressed (c) he felt guilty about a battle that went wrong (d) he wanted to write about the war 7 In 1940 Churchill (b). (a) agreed with Neville Chamberlain (b) inspired people to believe they could win the war (c) declared that the King wanted him to be Prime Minister (d) won a victo

42、ry at Agincourt 8 At the end of the passage, the writer suggests that Britain (d). (a) no longer needed democracy (b) had forgotten all about Churchill (c) summed up the character of Churchill (d) had survived the war thanks to Churchill 5 Choose the best summary of the passage. 3 Churchill came fro

43、m a famous family and was a soldier and politician. When Churchill became Prime Minister in 1940, Britain was at war. Churchill made speeches that inspired the nation, and led the country to victory. Although he was considered a great military leader, Churchill lost the general election after the wa

44、r. Dealing with unfamiliar words 6 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 willing to accept someone elses beliefs or way of life without criticizing them (tolerant) 2 a system of government in which people vote in elections to choose the people who will govern them (democracy) 3 willin

45、gtosupport,workfororbeafriendtosomeone,evenindifficulttimes(loyal) 4 being famous and admired for a special skill or achievement (renowned) 5 the things that you will do or the type of person that you will become in the future (destiny) 6 a peaceful and private place where you can go in order to res

46、t (retreat) 7 to frighten or hurt someone who is smaller and weaker than you (bully) AllinthepastUnit 6 209 7 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 6. Churchill believed that he was (1) destined to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War I and led the co

47、untry to victory in World War II. It seems ironic that a leader of such (2) renown as Churchill could not count on the (3) loyalty of voters in 1945. However, in a (4) democratic country, electors cannot be (5) bullied, and he had to (6) tolerate political defeat after military victory, and went onc

48、e more to his country (7) retreat, Chartwell. 8 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. 1 His achievements were so great that they can never be bettered. (surpassed) 2 The situation can only get worse; it will never improve. (degenerate) 3 Although

49、 he was a rich man, his clothes were of poor quality and in bad condition. (shabby) 4 He exchanged his position as a general for that of an ordinary soldier. (swapped) 5 At the beginning of World War II the King turned to Churchill to lead the country. (onset) 6 Churchill drank a lot of alcohol. (li

50、quor) 7 Churchill wanted to do something to show he was sorry for his mistake at the battle of Gallipoli. (make amends) 9 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 If a government is a monstrous tyranny, is it (a) terrible and oppressive, or (b) democratic and tolerant? 2 If something

51、is lamentable, is it (a) surprising, or (b) disappointing? 3 If you pack someone off, do you (a) protect them, or (b) send them away? 4 If someone talks with a stammer,dotheytalk(a)inaconfidentway,or(b)withdifficulty? 5 Does double up as mean (a) to do two jobs at the same time, or (b) to do a job m

52、ore than once? 6 Is a dispatch (a) a report that you send, or (b) something you experience? 7 Is sanity (a) a mental illness, or (b) the ability to think and speak reasonably? 8 If you suffer a boutofflu,doestheflulast(a) a short time, or (b) a long time? 9 Does unswervingly describe someone whose f

53、eelings (a) often change, especially if circumstances change, or (b)areconstant,evenifcircumstancesaredifficult? 10 If you brandish something, do you (a) hide it in a pocket, or (b) wave it in the air? 11 Does infuriating describe someone who (a) makes you angry, or (b) is very easy to get on with?

54、12 Is eccentricity (a) strange and unusual behaviour, or (b) normal behaviour? Reading and interpreting 10 Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions. 1 In the summer of 1940, Britain stood alone on the brink of invasion. At that crucial time, one man, Winston Churchill, defined

55、 what it meant to be British. InwhatwaydoyouthinkChurchillpersonifiedBritain? The leader of a country represents it. Churchills determination to win and strength of character summed up the nations feelings. 2 You ask what is our policy? You ask what is our aim? Who asks these questions? Who answers

56、them? What effect does this have? The people who ask these questions are the members of Parliament he was addressing, and beyond Unit 6Allinthepast 210 them the British people wondering what their new government would do. By answering them Churchill shows his leadership. The questions also give the

57、speech form and rhythm. 3 with all our might and with all our strength Might and strength have similar meanings, why are both words used? The use of these two words which are similar in meaning creates emphasis (as do the two alls), and so expresses determination as well as a warning that it will be

58、 a total struggle. There is also perhaps a reassurance that the country has considerable resources. 4 People talk of 1066, of the Armada, of Trafalgar. But 1940 was the most important year in British history. It was the year of Dunkirk, the Battle of Britain, the Blitz. Thefirstsetofbattlescoveredmo

59、rethan700yearsofBritishhistory.Thesecondsetallhappenedin 1940. What is the effect of putting these lists together? It shows how much was packed into that one year of total crisis. It was equal to all that went before. 5 If Britainits eccentricity, its strength of character, its big-heartednesshad to be summed up in one person, it was him. Does a nation have a character? What is the writer saying about Britain and about Churchill? The writer thinks a country has certain values its people believe in and therefore try to