初中英语简单句的5种基本类型

1、简单句的五种基本类型,We call him Xiao Liu. S V O C The news made me happy. S V O C He keeps his hand behind his back. S V O C The story made us laugh. S V O C He heard somebody opening the door. S V O C,划分句子成分:,My sister is a nurse. They are drinking. They are drinking tea. The old man walks in the park. She

2、passed him the salt. We keep the table clean.,_ S,_ V,_ P,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V,_ IO,_ DO,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ C,划分句子成分:,My sister is a nurse. They are drinking. They are drinking tea. The old man walks in the park. She passed him the salt. We keep the table clean.,_ S,_ V,_ P,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V

3、,_ O,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V,_ IO,_ DO,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ C,7. They work hard. 8. The flower is dead. 9. Plants need water. 10. He gives me some seeds. 11. We should keep the plants in the shade. 12. Many animals live in trees.,_ S,_ V,_ S,_ V,_ P,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ S,_ V,_ IO,_ DO,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ C,_ S,_ V,1. The spri

4、ng is coming. 2. In spring, the weather becomes warmer. 3. I have finished my homework. 4. Show me your books. 5. Keep them warm at night.,S + V,S + V + P,S + V + O,S + V + IO + DO,S + V + O+ C,They work hard. The flower is dead. Plants need water. He gives me some seeds. We should keep the plants i

5、n the shade. Many animals live in trees.,S + V,S + V + P,S + V + O,S + V + IO + DO,S + V + O+ C,S + V,预备知识,Subject主语?,Predicate谓语?,Object宾语?,Predicative 表语?,Full Verb 实义行为 动词?,Link Verb 连系动词?,还 “简单句”呢- 分不清了耶! 郁闷死!,休要担心少要害怕- 简单句（Simple Sentences） 就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子 -它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫简单句的啊! 英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是

6、由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了!-呵呵,就像俺这样:,Practice makes perfect! -熟能生巧,按结构分 一个完整的简单句由 “主语部分+谓语部分”构成 The man is a teacher. 主语部分 谓语部分 He works hard. 主语部分 谓语部分 He teaches English well. 主语部分 谓语部分,哲学上说: 运动是绝对的 静止是相对的,造句的关键就在于动词 一般而言,每个句子都应该有个动词( 除了省略句外 ),连系动词,be (am is are was were) / seem

7、 / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) become / turn / get / grow / 变得,表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。 由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。 和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的就/才是表语!,He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good. He looks / seems ill. The apple tastes n

8、ice. Trees turn green. Your idea sounds good.,主语 连系动词 表语,主语Subject : 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物” 。 也就是动作的发出者。 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。,谓语Predicate : 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。 也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。 谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。,宾语Object : 表示动作、行为的对象。 也就是动作的接受者。 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。,狗 咬 人 。 主语 谓语 宾语,人 咬 狗 。 主语 谓语 宾语,及物

9、动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now. 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily. They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助: She look at the blackboard c

10、arefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match.,什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?!,The doctor listened carefully.,The worker ran fast.,The boy is fishing.,The duck is swimming.,The woman walks slowly.,主谓结构（SV） = 主语+谓语动词,不及物动词,The girl dances well.,He likes basketball game.,He plays

11、computer games every day.,He played soccer yesterday.,He is playing the guitar now.,及物动词,主谓宾结构（SVO） =主语+谓语+宾语,有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：,他们放风筝。 They fly the kites.,风筝在天上飞。 The kites fly in the sky.,He gave me a present.,She teaches us. She teaches English.,She teaches us English.,She told me a st

12、ory.,及物动词,主谓双宾结构（SVOiOd） =主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 (A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do He bought me a new bike. 也可以改为for sb. 的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend /

13、 pass / return / throw / offer / hand She lent me a book. 也可以改为 to sb. 的句式 She lent a book to me.,主谓宾宾补结构（SVOC） =主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语,He told me to clean my room.,I saw her dancing.,Our teacher asks us to read English every day.,及物动词,可以用于这种句式的动词主要有,let / make sb. do sth.,ask / tell / want / allow / wish

14、/ get / sb. to do sth. expect / encourage / invite / teach,find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doing sth.,help sb. (to) do sth.,hope和welcome 比较特殊我们可以说: I hope to visit your school. I hope that you can visit our school. I wish you to visit our school. Welcome to visit our school

15、. You are welcome to visit our school. Welcome to our school. 但不可以说：I hope / welcome you to visit our school.,1 主系表型 She is a very good girl . (_语) (_词) (_语) The girl is very good. (_语) (_词) (_语) 2 主谓型 _式: They laughed. The kites fly in the sky. (_语) (_词) (_语) (_词) _式: I bought a new bike. He plays

16、volleyball. (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语) (_词) (_语) _式: She told me a story. He gave me a good book. (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语) (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语) _式 He asked me to help him. He made me happy. (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语) (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语),原来也蛮简单的哦!我来分析一下这些句子中所包含的成分,1 主系表型 She is a very good girl . (主语) (连系动词) (表语) The gi

17、rl is very good. (主语) (连系动词) (表语) 2 主谓型 主谓式: They laughed. The kites fly in the sky. (主语) (谓语动词) (主语) (谓语动词) 主谓宾式: I bought a new bike. He plays volleyball. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) 主谓宾宾式: She told me a story. He gave me a good book. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语) 主谓宾宾补式 He asked me to help