初中英语语法介词专题讲解

1、Welcome to my class.,Topic: 介词,Teacher: Wang Keping From : No.2 middle school,介词总述,介词的作用：如果没有介词，一个句子只是名词、动词、形容词、副词等的堆积。 That picture hangs on the wall of my bedroom in the upstairs of my house. 去掉介词后 That picture hangs the wall my bedroom the upstairs my house.,介词总述,介词的分类： 表示时间的介词 表示地点方位的介词 表示方法、手段的

2、介词 常用介词搭配,4,Where is the pen ?,Its on the box.,5,Its_the box.,in,Wheres the pen?,6,nd ,Its _ the box.,under,7,Its _ the box.,behind,bi,haind,8,The brown box is next to/beside the orange box.,9,The brown box is opposite the orange one.,10,over,under,11,The wooden house is over the river.,12,in front

3、of,behind,13,The man is in front of the bus.,14,The driver is in the front of the bus.,15,between,next to beside,16,Floor 7 is above Floor 6.,Floor 6 is below Floor 7.,17,Talk about our classmates in our class.,18,Millie sits _ me. Amy sits _ Millie _Simon. Kitty sits _ Sandy. Sandy sits _ Kitty _ m

4、e. Kitty sits _ Simon.,in front of,between,and,next to/beside,between,and,behind,19,Simon sits _ Kitty. Amy sits _ Millie _ Simon. The window is _ the door. The chalk is _ the teachers desk. Amy sits _ Sandy.,in front of,in front of,between,and,opposite,on,20,Kates bedroom,printer,shelf,22,Simon: Ka

5、te has a computer in her room. It is her desk. Her printer is her computer. There is a lamp the beside table.,Amy: Where is the beside table?,Simon: It is the bed and the armchair.,Amy: Where are Kates toys?,on,next to,on,between,22,Simon: They are a box.,Amy: Does Kate have many books?,Simon: Yes.

6、They are a shelf. The shelf is the bed.,Amy: Is Kates room very tidy?,Simon: No! There are lots of things her bed.,in,on,above,under,表示时间的介词,in 2012 in December in winter in the morning in two minutes on December 4th on Saturday on Christmas Eve on the morning of Monday (具体的某一天的早上) at 7 oclock at th

7、e beginning of 固定搭配：at noon at night,表示时间的介词,1. Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9. A. on B. in C. at 2. The twins were born _ a Friday evening. A. in B. on C. at 3. We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived _5 oclock _ the morning. A. on, in B. at, in

8、C. at, on 4. We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a rest _ noon. A. in , in B. at ,at C. in, at,表示时间的介词,after 表示“时间之后” before表示“时间之前” in+时间段 表示“时间之内”,They will marry after the Spring Festival. They will marry before the Spring Festival. They will marry in the Spring Festival.,表示时间的介词,1. Mr Br

9、own has gone to Canada. He will be back _ two weeks. A. for B. after C. in 2. Our manager came back _ an hour. A. in B. after C. at 3. They have been here _ an hour. A. for B. after C. in for+一段时间，表示动作延续了一段时间,表示时间的介词,by + 时间点，表示“到以前为止”,You have to finish your homework by 11 oclock .,表示时间的介词,until 用于

10、肯定句中表示“直到为止” 用于否定句中表示“直到才”,I watched TV until my mother came home. 我一直看电视直到我妈妈回来为止。 I did not watch TV until my mother came home. 我直到妈妈回来我才开始看电视。,表示地点方位的介词,in：某一地区之内的地方（在该范围之内） to：某一地区之外的地方（在该范围之外） on：与某一地区接壤的地方,Fujian is in the southeast of China.,Taiwan is to the southeast of China.,Russia is on t

11、he north of China.,表示地点方位的介词,1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in 2.Mongolia(蒙古) is _the north of China. A. in B. on C. to,表示地点方位的介词,on 是指两事物表面上的接触，强调要接触；,over 是指两事物不仅要接触，而且有覆盖的意思；但如果不接触，则表示在正上方；,above 是指仅仅是上下方的关系，既可以不接触，也可以不是正上方。有时也可以表示抽象的上方；,Put

12、 away the books on the desk. Mom put a rug over me when I was asleep. There is a bridge over the river. The sun rose above the horizon.,表示地点方位的介词,1. The temperature will fall_ zero at night. A.below B.above C.over 2.Suddenly there is a loud voice _ the tree. A.below B.above C.on 3.There is a clock o

13、n the wall. Its _ the blackboard. A.on B.in C.above 4.A road is _our city and there is much traffic _it. A. on, over B.above, on C.over, on,below: 表示“在的下方” under： 表示“在的正下方”,表示地点方位的介词,in + 大地方 at + 小地方,in a country in a town in the street in a desert at home at school at the bus-stop at the crossroad

14、s,表示地点方位的介词,in front of: 在之前（范围之外） in the front of: 在的前部（范围之内）,Tracy stands in front of the classroom. Tracy stands in the front of the classroom.,表示方法、手段的介词,in 用材料、语言 with 用工具、某物 by 用方式、方法、手段,By+交通方式：by car/bus/plane/trian 交通工具前有冠词、物主代词等修饰，介词用“on/in” in my car on my bike on the bus on a ship,表示方法、手

15、段的介词,1.My mother often go to work _ bike. A. in B. on C. by 2.If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me _ phone. A. through B. by C. on 3.The teacher is writing on the paper _ red ink and the blackboard _ _ a piece of chalk. A. with, with B. in ,with C.with ,in 4.Can you say it _ E

16、nglish? A. in B. with C.by 5.You can get some information _ the computer. A. in B. on C.by,常用介词搭配,Its very nice of you to help me. Its very good for you to do exercise. the answer(key) to the question(lock) be famous for 因为而出名 be famous as 成为而出名 be made of 能够看得出原材料 be made from 不能看出原材料 on time 准时 in

17、 time 及时,38,用适当的介词填空： 1. We cant see the ball . Its _the door . 2. Shall we meet _ the gate of the shop? 3. Is Tom playing _ the street or _ the road ? 4. There is a bridge the river. 5. I sit _ the twins . The elder sister is _ my left and the younger one is _ my right . 6. The big tree _ our class

18、room is nearly 100 years old . 7. A plane is flying our head. 8. She lives my home. We are neighbours.,behind,at,in,on,over,between,on,on,in front of,above,next to,在的前面 in front of 在（两者）之间 between and 在的旁边next to 在地板上on the floor 在河上over the river 在门的对面opposite the door 在老师的讲台上on the teachers desk 在

19、床头柜上on the bedside table 在床和扶手椅之间between the bed and the armchair 在架子上on the shelf 在床的上方above the bed 在床底下under the bed,39,记住重点词组,介词的主要分类：,1. at 10:00 ,in spring, on September 1st _ 2. at the cinema, in the north of China _ 3. go by bus ,write with a pen _ 4. by the way, at last, in the end _,地点,方位介

20、词,方式介词,时间介词,固定搭配,还有: in the morning, in the afternoon , in the evening _,3. in May, in summer, in 2010, in a century _,2. on March 21st, on Sunday, on Sunday morning, on a cold evening _,1.at six oclock, at noon, at the age of _,一.时间介词,表示具体 或具体 用 at,表示在具体的 或 某一天上,下午,晚上用 on,表示大于一天的时间如_,_,_,_用in,在早上/下

21、午/晚上也用 in,世纪等,月,季节,年,1) 时间三姐妹 at, on, in,点钟,年龄,某一天,特定的,泛指,1.Spring comes _ summer. 2.I go home _ 4:55 p.m. every day.,2）时间的前后 before, after,在之后,在之前,before,after,3) 时间的起点 from, since,从(起),自以来,1.We study at school _ Monday to Friday. 2._ eight years ago, I have worked in Longtou .,from,Since,4) 时间的期间

22、for, during,for +,一段时间,(做某事)多久,在期间,during +,一段时间,A: I was born _ Childrens Day.,C: I was born _ June,1994.,in,on,考点练习,B: I was born _the morning of September 1st,1993.,on,常考的短语,1.在岁时 _ the age of 2. 有时 _ times 3.开始,在起初 _ the beginning of 4. 此刻 _ the moment = now 5.从到 _ 6.下课/放学/下班后 _class/school/work

23、 7.在圣诞节 _Christmas Day 8.过了一会儿 _ a while,at,at,at,at,from,to,比一比，看谁答得最多.,after,on,after,3. in the box, on the chair, under the desk, next to Kate, on the right of Lucy, in front of the house, behind the door _,2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world, in space _,1.at the village , at ho

24、me, at the corner of the street _,二. 表示地点,方位的介词,在 地方用at,在 地方用in,在不同位置用具体,小,大,不同的介词,The boy is _ (在树上),in the tree,on the tree,There is a red apple_ (在树上),树上长出来的东西 ,用 on,不属于树本身的东西,用 in,1. in 和 on,2.go through 和 go across,go through the forest,指从物体空间内穿过.,The policeman is helping the old man _ the stre

25、et,go across,从物体表面穿过,2.go through 或 go across,The man is standing _the two women.,Miss Li is standing _ the students.,3. between 和 among,between,among,在两者之间,在三者或者三者以上之间,4. in front of 和 in the front of,The man is _ the car.,in front of,The girl is _ the car.,in the front of,在(外部的)前面,在(内部的)前面,5. 表方位

26、in ,on, to 1) Chongzuo lies _the southwest of China. ( ) 2) Guangxi lies _the west of Guangdong.( ) 3) Japan lies _the east of China.( ),in,to,on,在中国范围内,两地无接壤,两地有接壤,1.在广州 _ Guangzhou 2.在电影院 _ the cinema 3.树上的苹果 apples _ the tree 4.树上的小鸟 birds _ the tree 5.在农场上 _ the farm,in,at,in,on,on,地点介词练一练,三.方式介

27、词 之 in的用法,1.We talk in English. _,(使)用某种语言,用汉语: in Chinese,2. You can solve this problem in this way. _,in this way,用这种方式,in different ways,用不同的方式, 用的方式,3. My sister is in red. The woman in a yellow dress is my mother. _,in +服装,颜色 表示,穿什么颜色的衣服,用日语: in Japanese,3. With the money, they built some schoo

28、ls in the poor area. _,三.方式介词,之 with 的用法,“使用”的意思,1.We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. _, 使用人体器官做某事,2.Chinese usually eat with chopsticks . _,使用某一工具,使用(利用)某材料(金钱等),三.方式介词,之 by 的用法,We go to school by bike/bus/car/ ship/plane _,by常接 ,表示通过某种方式做某事.,I talk with my friends by sending e-mail. _,通过

29、某种手段或方式,注意: 步行是 _. 在表达”乘”时,还可用介词on/in.,on foot,by bus=,on a/the bus,by bike =,on a/ the/ ones bike,by plane=,on a /the plane,by car=,in a /the /ones car,交通工具,四.固定搭配:,1.到达 arrive _/_a place 2.找出 find _ 3. 与-相处 get on _ 4.害怕 be afraid _ sth. 5.放弃 give _ 6.对-愤怒 be angry _ sb. 7.上交 hand _ 8.忙于做某事 be bus

30、y _ sth. 9.为-做准备 be ready _ 10.装满 be full _ 11.对-有好处 be good _ 12.对-感兴趣 be interested _,in,at,with,up,in,for,for,out,of,with,with,of,in,头脑大风暴,Remember and translate:,1.hear from 13. ring up 2. hold on 14.turn up/down 3.hurry up 15.stop sb. from doing sth. 4.knock at/on 16. take off 5.laugh at 17. ta

31、ke part in 6.listen to 18. think about 7.look after/at/for/up 19. try on 8.take care of 20.turn on/off 9.make friends with 21.wait for 10.pay for 22.wake up 11. put on/up 23.write down 12.put sth. down 24.worry about,看谁译得又快又好.,头脑大风暴,1.be made of +原料 2. be made from+原料 3.be made in +地 4.be made by sb

32、.,1.be used by 2. be used as 3.be used to do 4.be used to doing,由制成(看出原材料),由制成(看不出原材料),由某地制造,由某人制成,被 使用,被当作使用,被用来做某事,习惯于做某事,头脑大风暴,一.单项选择 1.His father is very angry_ him _his study.(2009年贵州省黔东南州中考题) A. at，with B. with，at C. to，about D. about，to2.Paper is made _wood. (2008年广西贺州市中考题) A. from B. of C. by D. in 3.The basket is f