虚拟语气fuxi.ppt

1、虚拟语气,subjunctive,虚拟语气是动词语态的一种特殊形式。它 用来表示假想、愿望、要求、建议、命令 等情况。 根据虚拟语气动词的变化形式，把它分成 两种： 1、“过去式或过去完成式”表示虚拟语气 2、“(should)+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,“过去式或过去完成式”表示 虚拟语气 若是表示现在或将来的情况，用一般过去式；若是表示过去情况，用过去完成式,1. if虚拟条件句,考题 You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. (全国) A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt get

2、C. were driving, wouldnt get D. had driven, wouldnt have got 2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. (全国) A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come,“(should)+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,1、表示建议、要求、命令后的各种从句。,1. The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard a

3、fter class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 2. He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。,注意：suggest 只有作“建议”时，从句中用虚拟，若表示“表明、暗示”时，不用虚拟。,考题 Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. (上海） A. be, should have B. was, have

4、 C. should be, had D. was, has,考题 The bus driver insisted that he _ at normal speed and therefore _ for the childs death. A. drive, not answer B. was driving, shouldnt answer C. should drive, shouldnt have answered D. drove, shouldnt answer （answer for 负责，保证） 注意：insist 只有作“坚决要求”时，才用虚拟，若表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时

5、，不用虚拟。,2. 在It is necessary / important / natural / strange) 后的 that 从句中,It is important that he (should) learn to read. 他要学会读书是很重要的。,简单归纳,1、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用(should) do表示虚拟形式, 主要用于名词性从句中。 2、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。,学习虚拟条件句还要注意以下3点：,（1）省略if并倒装 （2）几种特殊结构 （3）if only 从句,1、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；

6、 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中含有 should，were， had 三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? a flood, what

7、 should we do?,Should there be,2、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；,1）wish + 宾语从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时 (did/were),过去完成时 (had done),would/could/might+V. should,I wish I were a bird. (现在) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过去) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未来),2）would rather that -,现在： 过去： 未来：,I would rather you

8、paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3） as if /though + 从句,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spri

9、ng. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,（4）.Its high time +that -,should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该睡觉了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,5）without和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是),Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,3、If only (要是就好了) If only I knew his name! If only we had followe