8下Unit 9 现在完成时总结.ppt

1、已学习过的时态,1.v原形 2. v三单,am / is / are+v-ing,1.will / shall+v原形 2.am / is/ are going to +v原形,1.v-ed（规则动词） 2.不规则动词,was / were+v-ing,判断下列句子的时态,1.She works in a factory. 2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday. 4.They held a sports meeting last week. 5.

2、Are you helping your mother .,一般现在时,过去进行时,一般将来时,一般过去时,现在进行时,Present Perfect Tense,1. 完成用法 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）往往含有表示不确定时间的状语：already已经， yet还(否)已经(一问）, just刚刚, ever曾经, never未曾, before 之前等。例如： I have never heard of that before. I have ever seen the film. She has alre

3、ady/just done the work. Have you written to her yet? No , I havent done that yet . Ive just lost my math book.,现在完成时,助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词 注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。,用法：,结构： have/has(已经) + 过去分词,表示经历或经验。常与ever(曾经)或never(未曾)连用。如： Have you ever asked him a question ?

4、Ive never traveled by air. 表示最近发生的动作或情况。常与yet(还，仍然)或already(已经)连用。如：,I have already written to her. She hasnt spent much time on it yet.,表示刚刚发生过的动作或事情，常与just连用。 They have just sent us a photo. She has just come here.,2.未完成/持续用法现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注

5、意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）,一段时间的表达方法有两种: for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years,过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.,He has been away since last week.,He has been away for one week.,对划线部分提问都用How long,Since,e.g. Mr Li has taught in this school for te

6、n years.,They have lived here since 1990.,pass now,1. already( 已经） (not) yet (还没有） yet? (已经吗？）； 2. never (从不）, ever （曾经） 3. just（刚刚） before (从前，以前） 4. recently / lately（近来/最近）, in the last/past few ( days / weeks / months/ years) 在最近的几 5. these days/ weeks/ months （这些来） 6. so far= up to now（迄今为止，到目前

7、为止） 7. for + 一段时间 8. since+ 过去的时间 ( 自从到现在）,She has already come . I have met him before . So far, no man has traveled farther than the moon . I havent finished my work yet . He has just had dinner . Have you ever been to Paris ?,since / for since “自从” 说明动作的起始时间，它和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用如： since two years ag

8、o; since he came to China for 说明动作延续的时间长度。它和表示一段时间的词连 用。 for two years I have lived here for twenty years.My aunt has worked there since 1949.,Since 的用法 a. since + 过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month / half past six)。I have been here since 2011.,b. since + 一段时间 + agoI have been here since two day

9、s ago.,c. since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. She has changed a lot since we got here.,d. It is + 一段时间 + since 从句 It is two years since I became a graduate .,It is = It has been,a. since + 过去一个时间点,b. since + 一段时间 + ago,c. since +从句,d. It is + 一段时间 + since 从句,I have been here sin

10、ce 1990.,=I have been here since 23 years ago.,=It is 17 years since I came here .,=I have been here for 23 years.,It is two years since I became a teacher.,= I have been a teacher for two years .,= I have been a teacher since two years ago .,= I have been a teacher since 2004.,与现在完成时连用的时间状语,1.表示现在刚

11、刚完成的动作，常和下列副词连用,just （刚刚） already （已经） yet（然而） recently/lately（最近） so far/ by now / up to know（目前） these+一段时间 this week / month / year（这个星期/月/年）,2.表示经验，常和下列副词连用,never( 从不） ever（曾经） before（以前） once（一次） twice（两次） three times（三次）,3.表示过去继续到现在的动作或状态，常与for短语，since短语/从句连用,4.下列短语多和现在完成时连用 in /for/during the

12、 last /past+段时间（在过去的时间）,they, finish, homework,They havent finished their homework.,Have they finished their homework? Yes, they have. / No, they havent.,They have finished their homework.,肯定式、否定式和疑问式 1. I have got a special gift. I have not got a special gift. I have never got a special gift. Have

13、you got a special gift? Yes, I have. / No, I havent. 2. He has ever played golf. He has not ever played golf. He has never played golf. Has he ever played golf? Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt.,助动词(have/has),没有词义，但往往可以理解为“已经”之意。,翻译：I have cleaned the kitchen.,翻译：Mum has cooked dinner for the family.,翻译：

14、Uncle Li has travelled to Tibet.,助动词(have/has)+ not,没有词义，但往往可以理解为“还没有”之意。,翻译：I havent found my lost bike.,翻译：Junia hasnt seen the film.,翻译：I havent cleaned the kitchen.,翻译：They havent had lunch.,翻译：Mum hasnt cooked dinner.,翻译：Uncle Li hasnt travelled to Tibet.,现在完成时(一般疑问句)：,助动词(Have/Has) +主语+过去分词+其它

15、?,翻译：Have you seen my lost book?,翻译：Has Kate known the news?,翻译：Have you finished your work?,翻译：Have they visited Harbin?,翻译：Has Lucy learned swimming?,翻译：Has your friend written to you?,现在完成时(特殊疑问句)：,特殊疑问词+助动词(have/has) +主语+过去分词+其它?,翻译：Who has written to you?,翻译：What has happened?,翻译：Where has Mr.

16、Black gone?,翻译：How long have you lived here?,翻译：How many times has he read the book?,现在完成时的特殊用法have/has gone to (Beijing)have/has been to (Beijing)have/has been in (Beijing),1.have/has gone to. “（某人）正在前往 （某地）的途中” 或“刚刚 到达某地”， 所以， 他/她现在 “不在说话现场”, 或“ 还没有回来”，你在教室里寻找 Bob，但 Bob 不在，你就问 Jack ： -(You): Where

17、 is Bob, Jack? -(Jack):Oh, he the school library.,去某处了（在途中或刚到达）,去过某处（曾去过但已返回）,住/呆在某处（去了并留在那里）,has gone to,2.have/has been to.,（某人）曾经去/到过 （某地）， 但现在已经返回(=is back now)说话地。 （半小时后，Bob 在图书馆借好了杂志回到教室，你看到手里拿着新杂志的刚回来 Bob，你问 Bob： ） (You):-Where you , Bob? (Bob):-Oh, I the school library.,have been,have been t

18、o,3.have/has been in (Beijing),Linda 两星期前去了北京旅游，到今天还没有回来，所以 “她在北京已经呆了两周了。”，我们说： Linda Beijing for two weeks. Linda Beijing since two weeks ago.,has been/stayed in,has been/stayed in,表示过去某时发生的动作或情况,与现在毫无关系.当有一个表示过去某时的状语时，不能用现在完成时，而多用一般过去时。 I saw Mary an hour ago. She lost her handbag yesterday .,Next

19、,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过去，但它强调的却是与现在的关系,用来说明现在的情况.一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延续下去；而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或事情。 I have taught this class for ten years. （还在教） I taught this class for two years. （曾教过两年，现在不教了）,A: _ you _ the film Harry Potter? B: Yes, I _. It is very interesting. A: When _ you _ it? B: I _ it six

20、 years ago ( in 2000). A: Where _ you _ it？ B: I _ it at the Nanguo Cinema.,Have,seen,have,did,see,saw,did,see,saw,请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：,I saw this film yesterday. （只说明动作发生在过去。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） She has returned from Paris. （她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来的。） He has

21、 been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) 注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如： （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,注意：现在完成时表示过去发生

22、的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调现在的情况，不和表示过去的时间状语连用。,表示过去的时间状语有：in 2003, five months ago, last week, yesterday, last night, just now, a moment ago等。,I saw it on Lin Taos desk five minutes ago. saw 能用have seen代替吗？,Lily bought a book yesterday. bought 能用has bought代替吗？,I have put it on the shelf a moment ago.,I put

23、 it on the shelf a moment ago.,“瞬间动词(也叫短暂动词)” 和 “延续性动词”,瞬间动词：从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”： 几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如几秒钟/几分钟内）就完成了“开始结束”的过程，如 “Close the door”, “Open the door” 有些瞬间动词的“开始结束的过程” 可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如, “buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。 所以， “我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语的表达就不能说： I have bought the watch for five years. I have

24、had the watch for 5 years. 瞬间动词不能用于现在完成时的未完成用法的非否定句中。,现在完成时与瞬间动词,同理， “borrow sth” “借书”在办理了相关的登记手续后就 结束了，不可能“借” 几个星期 或好几年的！ 汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。” 的意思是： “我两周前 （borrowed it），（在归还前）现在它还在我手里（I still have it or Im still reading it.） I have borrowed the book for two weeks. I have had / kept it for two weeks.,

25、1.直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow/lend come/go /become,have,have a cold,keep,be,put on,wear,e.g.这本书我买了三个月了。,I have bought this book for three months.,x,had,_,2.转换成be+名词/介词短语 join the army join the Party go to school,be a soldier,be a Party member,be a student,3转换成be+形容词或副词 die finish begin/

26、start leave fall sleep/ill close open,be dead,be over,be on,be away from(地点),be asleep/ill,be closed,be open,go out,be out,get up,be up,e.g.他去世五年了。,He has died for five years.,been dead,_,x,be in school,/ be in the army,/ be in the Party,arrive/come/reach,be in /at +地点,stay,e.g.他自从1985就参军了。,He has b

27、een a soldier since 1985. He has been in the army since 1985.,4.去掉短语中的结束性动词,get to know begin to study come to work,know,study,work,e.g.自从十年前我就认识他。,I have known him since ten years ago.,Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习（1）：,1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。 A: You are late. The film for 10 minutes. B: You are late. It

28、 ten minutes since the film . C: You are late. The film 10 minutes . 2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。 A: My uncle the army for 2 years. B: It 2 years my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle the army 2 years ago. 3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。 A: Linda a cold 4 to 5 days. B: It 4 to 5 days since Linda a cold C: Linda a cold 4 or 5

29、days .,has been on,is,began/started,began/started,has been in,is,since,joined,has had,for,is,caught,caught,ago,ago,Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习 （2）：,4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。 A: His grandpa for 5 years. B: It 5 years since his grandpa . C: His grandpa 5 years . 5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。 A: Youre late. The train fo

30、r 20 minutes. B: It 20 minutes since the train . C: The train 20 minutes . 6、他们到深圳已经有3年多了。 A: They Shenzhen for over 3 years. B: It over 3 years since they Shenzhen. C: They Shenzhen over 3 years .,has been dead,is,died,died,ago,has been away,is,left,left,ago,have been/stayed in,is,arrived at got to

31、/ reached,arrived at got to/ reached,ago,.我们买这本书三年了.,We have had the book for three years.,他感冒三天了.,He has had a cold for three days.,We bought the book three years ago.,He caught a cold three days ago.,一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句,自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.,I have kept the book since last week.,我成为一个学生两年多了.,I have be

32、en a student for over two years.,I borrowed the book last week.,I became a student two years ago., Mr Black死了三年了。,Mr Black has been dead for three years.,Mr Black died three years ago.,小明参军半年了。,Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.,Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.,我们上了8年学了。,We have

33、 been students for eight years.,下课10分钟了,The class has been over for ten minutes.,9.电影开始了一小时了,The film has been on for an hour.,10. 门打开半小时了,The door has been open for half an hour.,动词的过去分词的变化规律,以动词go为例，go是动词原形， goes是单数第三人称形式，went是过去式, going是现在分词，而gone则是它的过去分词。,规则动词的过去分词,work visit ask play stay,三式相同,

34、不规则动词的过去分词,一、A A A 型 原形、过去式和过去分词同形：,feel leave tell sell say lay find get have,二、A B B 型 过去式和过去分词同形：,hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept learn learnt learnt lend lent lent make made made meet met met,pay paid paid send sent sent sit sat sat sleep slept slept smell smelt smelt,二、A B B 型 过去

35、式和过去分词同形：,spend spent spent stand stood stood understand understood understood,二、A B B 型 过去式和过去分词同形：,begin fall fly forget take wear write be break do,四、A B C 型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,三、A B A 型 原形与过去分词同形,四、A B C 型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten,give gave give

36、n go went gone grow grew grown know knew known lie lay lain ride rode ridden,ring rang rung see saw seen show showed shown sing sang sung speak spoke spoken swim swam swum,四、A B C 型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,take took taken throw threw thrown wake woke woken,五、A A B 型 原形与过去式同形 beat beat beaten,lie / lied / lied

37、说谎 lie / lay / lain躺下，位于，平放 lay/ laid /laid 放置；下蛋,现在完成时“三看三用”,一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如： I have visited the factory. I visited the factory last year.,二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：,Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.

38、 When did you have it? At seven thirty.,1. 现在完成时可和疑问词where, why, how等连用， 但不能和when / what time连用,Why have you turned off the TV?（你为什么关掉电视？）,你什么时间关上的？,X,2. 终止性动词的现在完成时否定式已成为一种可延续性状态, 因此可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用.,e.g.自从1985年,他就没离开过这.,He hasnt left here since 1985.,三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用

39、现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如： He has been a league member for two months. He joined the Youth League two months ago.,1. Where _ you _, John? Im looking for you everywhere. A. have; been B. have ;been to C. have; gone D. did; go to 2. How long _ your father _ Shanghai? A. did; come B. has; go to C. has; b

40、een to D. has; been in,选 择,A. have; been,D. has; been in,Exercises,3. I _ my watch in my bedroom yesterday. A. leftB. forgot C. have forgottenD. have left 4. She has worked in the factory _. A.since three years agoB. for 1999 C. since in 1999D. since three years,A. left,A.since three years ago,( )1.

41、Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A. havent you B. have you C. do you D. dont you ( ) 2. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch,( )3. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to

42、 live ( )4. His grandma _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead,B,C,B,D,( )5. Where is Han Mei now? She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone ( )6. _ you _to the United Stated ? No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ag

43、o A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go,( )7. You havent changed your mind,_? A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you,( )8. How long have you _ the football team of the school? A. played B. been at C. joined D been on,A,A,C,D,( )9. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Kunming with

44、 my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone ( )10. How long have you _ this book? A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent ( )11. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night. A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw ( )12. He has never ridden a horse

45、before,_? A. is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has he,B,C,D,D,EXERCISES: 1.( )I _heard of that story before. A. dont have B. not have C. have not D. not to have 2.( )She s never been to that factory,_? A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she 3.( )Have you made dumplings_? No, I havent. A. just now

46、 B. yesterday C. ago D. before 4.( )Tom_ ill since last night. A. was B. is C. has been D. be 5.( )How long have you_ _ Nanjing? About two years. A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to,C,D,D,C,C,6.( ) How many times has Jim _that park? Twice. A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to 7.( )Ive_ this dictionary for half a year. A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed 8.( )She wont go to the cinema this evening because she _the fil