翻译方法：词义的引申.ppt

1、1,英译汉时，有时某些词并不能完全按照词典的基本含义翻译，如生搬硬套或逐词死译，会使译文生硬，令人费解，甚至可能造成误解。这时应当根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的基本含义出发，进一步加以适当的引申，选择比较适当的汉语词语来表达，从而消除或降低语言差异给翻译带来的损失，使译文与原文有同样的效果。,词义的引申,翻译方法及技巧： 词义的引申,2,2. 词义的引申词义抽象化,1) I was practically on my knees but he still refused. 我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。 2) The two sisters were usually in agreement

2、 on most issues, but they were at swords points on the political issue. 在很多问题上姐妹俩的意见通常是一致的，但在这个政治问题上，她们是有激烈的争执的。 3) He is a rolling stone. I dont think he can go far. 他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。 4) I must bare my heart to someone, or I shall go mad! 我一定要向人讲真心话，否则我会发疯的。,1. 将词义抽象化,英语中用表示具体形象的词或短语来表示某种特性、事物、

3、概念等，翻译此类词时，可将其作抽象化的引申，使译文流畅。例：,3,2. 词义的引申词义抽象化,5) Ill break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I cant promise for sure. 我一定要尽最大的努力在星期五以前完成此事，但我不能说定。 6) By this means she cast in a bone between the wife and the husband. 她用这种手段离间这对夫妻。 7)Life is full of smiles and tears. 生活充满了欢乐和悲哀。 8)If neighbors

4、 have changed, neighborhoods have not. They still have the same parts. 如果邻居换了人，整个街坊不会变，街坊里该有什么还会有。 9) Writing the book brought the two closer, healing the fathers traumas and patching up their relationship. 这部书的写作拉近了他俩的距离，治愈了父亲的创伤，并弥合了父女间的裂痕。,4,2. 词义的引申词义抽象化,10) make fish of one and flesh of another

5、 11) keep sth. under ones hat 12) be in sb.s pocket 13) wear ones heart on ones sleeve 14) eat like a bird 15) jump out of ones skin 16) walk on air 17) mend ones fence 18) poke ones nose into sth. 19) get the green light 20) break the ice 21) put ones cards on the table 22) get cold feet 23) eat on

6、es heart out,10)厚此薄彼 11)保密 12)被某人操纵 13)表露感情 14)吃的极少 15)大吃一惊 16)洋洋得意 17)改善关系 18)干涉 19)得到许可 20)打破僵局 21)表明观点 22)胆怯 23)极度悲痛,5,2. 词义的引申词义抽象化,24）谦虚态度 25）发展过程 26）稳定性 27）灵敏度 28）无知的表现 29）残暴行为 30）同情心理 31）鸡毛蒜皮 32）狗急跳墙 33）顺手牵羊 34）单枪匹马 35）开门见山,24) modesty 25) development 26) stability 27) sensibility 28) innocen

7、ce 29) brutality 30) sympathy 31) trifling 32) do sth. desperately 33) walk off with sth. 34) all by oneself 35) come straight to the point,6,2. 词义的引申词义抽象化,38）那位小伙子真是喝了大胆汤。 That young man has great courage, indeed! 39）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干嘛？ Thats a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why

8、should you get involved in it? 40）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I was extremely terrified by that news. 41）他万万没有想到在他前进的道路上会出现这么多拦路虎。 He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. 42）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words. 43）我们一直往前走吧！不要三心二意

9、。 Lets go straight ahead. Dont be wavering.,7,2. 词义的引申词义具体化,2. 将词义具体化,英语擅长用抽象概念表达具体事物，抽象思维比较突出；汉语更倾向于运用形象的方法表达抽象的概念。在翻译过程中，可以把根据语境英语的某些抽象词作具体化引申。例：,1) transportation 运输运输工具 2) advertisement 广告广告内容 3) translation 翻译翻译作品 4) committee 委员会委员会成员 5) class 班级全班学生 6) press 出版出版物；报纸；杂志；出版社 7) very timid 非常胆小

10、胆小如鼠 8) very strong 非常强壮壮如牛 9) be full of anxiety and worry 十分观念牵肠挂肚,8,10) do evil things openly 毫不隐讳地干坏事明火执仗 11) very anxious to return home 回家 心切归心似箭 12) accelerate the speed; speed up 快 上 加快快马加鞭 13) have not cut off relations completely 没有彻底断绝关系藕断丝连 14) family 家庭家庭成员 15) I looked up to find that

11、another poor soul had met the same fate as I had. (Unit 4, Book I) 我抬 头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我原先一样的命运。 16) Perhaps three days was long enough for the campus population to have forgotten me. (Unit 4, Book I) 兴许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后。 17) The corrections were marked in red. 修改的地方都用红笔标出。 18) Be honest about yours

12、elf, and you wont go wrong. (Unit 3, Book I) 对自己的情况要照实说，这样准没错。,2. 词义的引申词义具体化,9,19) All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding. 大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。 20) No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work. 对他在工作中表现出的徇私作风谁都感到不满意。 21) Her jealousy is the cause of her failure. 她的嫉妒心理是她失败的根源。 22)

13、 Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall. 她的冷漠态度把所有参观者挡在展览馆门外。 23) The crime sent him into notoriety. 这一罪行使他落入了声名狼藉的境地。 24) There had been too much violence in that region. 那个地区发生了许多暴力事件。 25) Johns lightheartedness, however, did not last long. 约翰那种轻松愉快的心境没有持续多久。,2. 词义的引申

14、词义具体化,10,26) How often in introductions has a name failed to stick because your mind was on the way someone looked or acted? (Unit 3, Book I) 向你介绍别人时，有多少次是由于你在注意这个人的长相和动作而没能记住他的名字？ 27) 大吵大闹 raise the roof/make a scene 28) 公开认错 stand in a white sheet 29) 有花不完的钱 have enough money to burn 30) 话中有话 with

15、 the tongue in the cheek 31) 获得全胜 sweep the board,2. 词义的引申词义具体化,11,34) 坚决反对 put ones foot down; set ones face against 35) 结为良缘 win the hand of 36) 截然不同 oil and vinegar 37) 家 丑 a skeleton in the cupboard; a family skeleton 38) 觉得可疑 smell a rat 39) 鲁莽的人 a bull in a china shop/bear foot 40) 告发 put the

16、finger on 41) 恻隐之心/人情味 the milk of human kindness 42) 他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。 He has many hot potatoes to handle every day. 43) 他新雇来的女佣人懒的出奇，饭量倒是很大，真是一个无用而又累赘的东西。 His newly employed woman servant was extremely lazy and ate a lot, no more than a white elephant.,2. 词义的引申词义具体化,12,44) 我们决不能姑息坏人。 We should never

17、warm snakes in our bosoms. 45) 他在演讲中用了许多术语，使听众听了莫名其妙。 He used so many technical terms in his speech that the audience could make neither head nor tail of it. 46) 至于那些苹果，我们就对半分吧。 As for the apples, lets go fifty-fifty with them. 47) 你应该把好坏分清。 You should separate the sheep from the goats. 48) 同反复无常的人无

18、法相处。 Its hard to get along with a man blowing hot and cold. 49) 他们的见解非常相似。 Their ideas run in the same groove. 50) 我不想依靠父母过日子。 I dont want to hang on my parents sleeves.,2. 词义的引申词义具体化,13,例(2) The production of milk in many countries is now a large, scientifically based, highly mechanized industry. 译

19、1 目前，在很多国家，生产牛奶已成为 大型的、基于科学的、高度机械化的产业。 译2 目前，在很多国家，牛奶生产已成为 规模大、科学性强、高度机械化的产业。,翻译时未作适当的引申,例(1) If neighbors have changed, neighborhoods have not. They still have the same parts. 译1 如果邻居换了人，整个街坊不会变。 他们仍然有相同的部分。 译2 如果邻居换了人，整个街坊不会变。 街坊里该有什么还会有。,2. 词义的引申误译,14,例(4) In general, however, the farms remaining

20、 are large, have highly productive cows, and are managed with great skill. 译1 不过，一般来说剩下的农场基本上都规模庞 大，拥有高产奶牛，且管理完善。 译2 不过，一般来说能够支撑下来的基本上都是 规模庞大，拥有高产母牛，且精于管理的农场。,翻译时未作适当的引申,例(3) Milk used to be kept cool by putting a container in the shade or in cold spring water near the farm or home. 译1 过去，人们常常把盛奶的容器

21、放在农场或家附 近的阴凉处或冰凉的泉水里，以冷却牛奶。 译2 过去，要使牛奶保持低温，通常把盛奶的容器 放在农场或农家附近的阴凉处或冰凉的泉水里。,2. 词义的引申误译,15,翻译时未作适当的引申,例(5) 农民将种植更多的经济作物以解决他们的生活问题。 译1 The farmers will grow more cash crops to solve their problem of living. 译2 The farmers will grow more cash crops to meet their daily needs.,2. 词义的引申误译,16,Translation Pra

22、ctice,1. Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years. 2. We see objects because light comes from them to our eyes. 3. He has the reputation of being a blood-sucker. 4. She has made a reputation for herself through hard work. 5. Preparations for the conference had been plagued b

23、y many problems. 6. Air and water are two requirements of all living things. 7. 我知道你现在是进退两难。 8. 他这个人只管自己的事。 9. 你真的是说话不看对象。 10. 我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 11. 敌军闹的全村鸡犬不宁。 12. 真正的好朋友应该雪中送炭。,17,Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years. 2. We see objects because light comes from them to our eyes.,激光是近年来最轰动的成就之一。,（名词意义的引申）,我们之所以看得见物体，是因为光从物体那里射到我们的眼睛里。,（动词意义的引申）,Translation Practice reference,2. 词义的引申翻译练习,18,3. He has the reputation of b