Lecture 10 新.ppt

1、Lecture 10Verbs,Teaching aims: give the Ss a general idea of verbs and their classification Teaching emphasis: phrasal verbs; aspect; “be” vs. “get” passive Teaching difficult points: how to understand “aspect” Teaching periods：2 Teaching procedure:,10.1 Classification of verbs,10.1.1 Main verb and

2、Auxiliary Main verbs are also called notional verbs functioning as the head and indicating the basic meaning of a verb phrase.,The grammatical function of auxiliaries is to help main verbs, which will be dealt with more fully in a number of ways later on, to express various grammatical and modal mea

3、nings such as progressive or perfective aspect and obligation or removal of obligation. Auxiliaries fall into three categories: primary auxiliaries, modal auxiliaries and semi-auxiliaries.,Primary auxiliaries with no lexical meanings of their own, these auxiliaries have only grammatical functions or

4、 grammatical meanings. In a finite verb phrase, we can use only one modal auxiliary which is invariably followed by the bare infinitive or the base form. Semi-auxiliaries constitute a category of verbs between auxiliaries and main verbs.,10.1. 2. Main verbs can be divided into transitive verbs, intr

5、ansitive verbs and linking verbs in accordance with whether or not they must be followed by obligatory elements functioning as complementation and what kind of elements that must follow (object, complement, adverbial etc.) Some intransitive verbs must be followed by an adverbial without which the me

6、aning of the sentence will be incomplete. Betty and Sue have lived in Atlanta since 1975.,10.1.3 According to lexical meaning, main verbs can be dynamic and stative. Dynamic verbs are verbs that refer to actions. Stative verbs are verbs that refer to states, i.e. to a relatively stable state of affa

7、irs.,Dynamic verbs can be subclassified into three categories: durative verbs transitional verbs momentary verbs,Stative verbs are verbs that refer to present or past states. Stative verbs are normally incompatible with the progressive except in certain cases where there is a transfer of meaning,Sta

8、tive verbs can be subclassified into four categories. 1) main verb be, have 2) with the notion of being and having: apply to, belong to 3) refer to a sense perception: feel, hear, see 4) refer to a state of mind or an opinion: assume, believe, hate, wish,There is no hard-and-fast distinction between

9、 dynamic and stative verbs. He is being foolish=is acting foolishly He resembles his father/ He is resembling his father (= is becoming more and more like his father). cases of a special polite use of the progressive with verbs like want, hope, wonder, etc. Im hoping youll look after the children fo

10、r us.,10.2 According to word formation and grammatical forms, English verbs may be divided into single-word verbs and phrasal verbs, finite verbs and non-finite verbs, regular verbs and irregular verbs.,10.2.4,A single-word verb is a verb that consists of only one word. Most verbs are single-word ve

11、rbs. A phrasal verb is a verb that is composed of two or more words. Phrasal verbs are sub-classified into three categories.,a) verb + preposition,His comments amount to treason. When his father died, Jim came into a fortune. If you are too busy, Ill see about train tickets. Who is seeing to the arr

12、angements for the next meeting?,b) Verb + adverb particle,A fire broke out during the night. The firm had to lay off 100 men. My investment in these stocks had really paid off.,c) Verb+ adverb particle +preposition,I dont want to come down with the flu again. I finally caught on to what she was talking about. My wife is always getting on at me for not Keeping the room clean.,Adverb particle that is to say, tense and time are at once related and different. Time is a universal concept with three divisions: past time, present time and future time.,When the notion of time