_介词_(new).ppt

1、,介 词,介词的搭配(1),名词与介词的搭配 某些名词之后要求用某些介词 The dependence on his daughter made him upset. He found a solution to the problem. There is no real difference between the two proposals. 某些名词之前要求用某些介词 He will leave for Shanghai on business next week.(出差),介词的搭配(2),形容词与介词的搭配 Mrs. Winter is very keen on act. We fo

2、und out that he was exceedingly fond of fishing. Drivers exceeding the speed limit are liable to a fine. 动词与介词的搭配 (1) 动词+介词：Eating too much often results in sickness. (2) 动词+名词+介词：They substituted paper-money for gold. (3) 动词+副词小品词+介词：He couldnt come up with an answer. 其他介词短语,一般地说，名词后的介词与同源动词或同源介词所跟

3、介词相同。常见的这类固定搭配有： between: difference, distinction, gap, relation . for: desire, demand, consideration, regret. in: belief, interest, confidence, involvement. on: comment, concentration, dependence, effect, emphasis. to: access, answer, appeal, approach, clue, reaction. 其他：shelter from, advantage ove

4、r, control over/of, contact with, connection with.,注意: 同一个形容词与不同的介词搭配可表示不同的意义。例如： I was angry _ Johns remark. I was angry _ John. He is good _ games. That medicine is good _ headache. I felt guilty _ leaving without saying goodbye. He is guilty _ murder.,at,with,at,for,about,of,几组近义介词用法辨析,一、表示地点的介词,

5、(1). at, in, on My uncle lives _ 116 Changhe Street. His room is _ the sixth floor. A. at; on B. to; at C. on; in D. of; to,A,at表示在一点上，或笼统地指一个地方，即把某个地方作为一个点来看待。例如： The car pulled up right at the gate. He works at Peking University. in表示大地方，在某物、某范围内，或泛指较具体的位置。例如： They arrived in Shanghai yesterday. T

6、here is some wine left in the bottle. on把地方、地点、位置当作一个平面，指“在之上(与表面接触)” 。例如： Therewasanosmokingsignonthewall.,Notes：,一、表示地点的介词,(2) in the tree OR on the tree? The birds are singing _ the tree. Look, there are some apples _ the tree.,in,on,Notes: on the tree习惯上用来指树上本身自有的东西。例如叶、花、果、枝条等“在树上”; in the tree

7、表示外部的东西落在树上， 如人、鸟、风筝等“在树上”。,二、表示时间的介词,(1) at, in, on The train leaves _ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 at the latest. A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before; around The old man died _ cold _ a cold night. A. from; at B. of; inC. of; on D. for; during The railway was opened _ t

8、raffic _ April 4, 1985. A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; on,C,C,A,Notes：,at表示时间点(在几点,中午,午夜）；不确定的时间或短期假日前也用at. (at sunrise; at the weekend; at Christmas) on 表示在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上等。 长于或短于一天的时间用in。,二、表示时间的介词,(2) since, for, in, after His father will be back from London _ a few days. A. since B. in

9、 C. on D. after - How long has the bookshop been in business? - _ 1987. A. After B. In C. From D. Since 3. The touch they had both kept in _ many years broke. A. for B. on C. into D. with,B,D,A,Notes:,since 接过去的某时间点, 常用于完成时. for 接一段具体的时间, 常用于完成时. in + 一段时间与非延续性动词连用,表示一段时间以后,多用于将来时; 与延续性动词连用,表示一段时间内,

10、时态不限. They will start working in half an hour. He wrote the letter in two hours. after + 一段时间, 常用于一般过去时。如： They started working after lunch. after+特定时间点，可用于将来时。如： The film will be shown after 4 oclock.,三、表示方位的介词,(1) in, on, to, off Guangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is _ the east of it.

11、Hainan is _ the coast of the mainland. A. in; in; on B. in; on; off C. on; to; on D. in; to; away, in 表示在境内； on 表示相邻或接壤； to 表示在境外, 不强调是否接壤； off (the coast)表示靠近海岸的, 沿海的.,B,三、表示方位的介词,（2）above, over, on/on top of below, under, beneath / underneath 不一定垂直、不接触：above below There was a clock above his bed.

12、There is a lake below the mountain. 垂直、不一定接触：over under There is a lamp over the desk. I want to have a rest under the tree. 接触：on - beneath / underneath The book is on the table. The letter was pushed underneath the carpet.,四、表示运动方向的介词,_ the gate and youll find the entrance _ the park _ the other s

13、ide. A. Through; to; on B. Along; of; on C. Down; to; at D. Up; of; by Early _ the morning of May 1, we started off _ the mountain village. A. in; forB. in; to C. on; / D. on; for,A,D,Notes:,across 表示穿过物体表面,或横过. went the roada bridge the river through表示从某物内部或三维空间中穿过。 walked the forestpushed his way

14、the crowd along 表示沿着，常用于狭长的或线形的东西。 up 表示向上,由南到北,由东到西,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市. 反之则用down. to 表示动作的目的地; towards指朝向,无到达的意思; for表示前往的目的, 连用的动词有leave, set out, head, sail 等.,五、表示“除.之外”的介词,besides, except, except for, but, apart from besides表示“除以外”，意为将其包括在内，相当于in addition to。 Besides exercises on the textbo

15、ok, you have to do more. except指“除外，(其余)都”, 表示没有将其包括在内。常与“all, every, no, none, nothing”等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。与except连用的整体词和except 所跟的词常常是同类的。例如： He answered all the questions except the last one.,五、表示“除.之外”的介词,except for也表示“除之外”，但是和except不同的是，与except for连用的整体词与except for所跟的词往往不是同类的，是指整体中除去一个细节。例如： The m

16、ovie was good except for the ending. but表示“除以外，(其余都或都不)”, 和except的用法相同并常互换。例如： There is no one here but / except me. 另外，but for 表示“若不是，要不是”，一般使用虚拟语气，与“排除”无关,五、表示“除.之外”的介词,apart from表示“除以外”。根据上、下文的不同，它既可用作besides, 也可用作except 和except for例如： Apart from them, I had no one to talk to. (= except) Apart fr

17、om other considerations, time is also a factor. (= besides) It is a piece of good work apart from a few slight faults. (= except for),六、表示“在之间”的介词,between, among between表示“在两者之间”。 Can you show me the difference between the two words? 有时between也可指三个或三个以上的人/物两两之间的“相互”关系。例如： There was a race between th

18、e five ships. among表示“在两者以上不确指的人或物之间”。 The presents were distributed among the students.,七、表示价格,比率,标准,速度的介词,at, for, by at 表示速度, 比率或单价。 for 表示交换, 指总价钱。 by 表示度量单位或标准. 后接表计量单位的名词一般是单数,前面需加定冠词the. We are flying _ a speed of 400kms/hr. I bought these books _ 5 dollars each. I bought these books _ 30 dol

19、lars. He is paid _ the week. Eggs are sold _ the dozen.,at,at,for,by,by,八、表示“关于”的介词,about, on There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon. He told me a lot about his life in the summer on多指正式的、严肃的、系统的、带有学术意味的论述、讨论或演说; about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。,九、表示“手段”的介词,by, in, with, through He made it with his

20、 own hands. He made it by hand. The foreigner spoke to us in English. We look at stars through a telescope. By表示相对笼统、抽象的途径或手段；with 一般接具体的工具和手段；in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；through 表示通过具体过程，媒介或手段。,十、表示原料的介词,of, out of, with, from, in of和out of表示制成品的材料仍保持原材料的性质；with表示制成产品的一种成分；from表示制成品已失去了原材料的性质；in表示制成品的材料的色调或特殊性。 His