不定式1.ppt

1、Grammar and usage -To infinitive,1.Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study. 2. I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz. 3. Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful. 4. I begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said 5. I was shocked

2、 to find a piece of paper on my desk that said, . 6. I was so upset that I felt liking crying. 7. Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade after promising not to. 8. I was determined to win. 9. I dislike seeing our team lose.,非谓语动词 Nonfinite verbs,概述： 1、谓语动词：在句中作谓语的动词 2、非谓语动词：动词的特殊形式，在句中可以

3、做 除谓语外的所有成分。,非 谓 语 动 词,动词不定式,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,非谓语动词特征： 1）无人称和数的变化。 2）不失去原意，可以加上自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。 3）否定式不用借助于助动词在谓语动词前加not 另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分,划分句子成分,The teachers sitting there are from our school. We saw some teachers sitting there. We need to be active in class.,主语,系动词,定语,

4、表语,主语,主语,谓 语,谓 语,宾语,宾语补足语,宾语,动词不定式（the infinitive),一、动词不定式的基本构成： 由不定式符号to加动词原形构成，其 否定形式是not to do sth.,动词不定式（the infinitive),二、 动词不定式的基本形式,主动式：,to do,to be doing,to have done,to be done,to have been done,动词不定式（the infinitive),三、动词不定式在句中可充当的成分,To do that sort thing is foolish. I want to see you this

5、evening. All you have to do is to finish it quickly. We need someone to help with the work. To finish the work ahead of time, they stayed up. 6. I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation.,To do that sort thing,主语,to see you this evening,宾语,to finish it quickly,表语,to help with

6、the work,定语,To finish the work ahead of time,状语,not to drink cold water,宾语补足语,动词不定式（the infinitive),做主语 动词不定式做主语可以放在谓语动词之前。,眼见为实。 没有能及时到那儿是你的错。 找到一个好朋友真难 。,To see is to believe. Not to get there in time is your fault. To find a best friend is difficult.,动词不定式做主语表示某一具体的行为。,动词不定式（the infinitive),(1) I

7、t is ourduty _(help) the poor. (2) It is a great enjoyment _ (spend) a holiday in a mountain. (3) It takes us an hour _(get) there by train.,to help,to spend,to get,句型一、It is +n. +to do sth. It +谓语动词+to do sth.,动词不定式（the infinitive),It is easy for me to finish the work before ten. It is a great hono

8、ur for me to be present at your party.,Its kind of you to give me some help. Its foolish of you to go with such kind of person.,句型二、 Its +adj.+of/for sb to do sth.,Its +adj. +of sb to do sth (形容人的品质） Its +adj. +for sb to do sth （形容事物的性质）,easy,to finish,kind,you,动词不定式（the infinitive),(2) 做宾语,决心学会想希望

9、设法假装在拒绝 主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮,decide/ determine, learn, want hope, long, expect,manage, pretend, refuse,offer, promise, choose, plan,agree, ask/beg, help,外加afford, fail, happen, would like 和love,一、可以接不定式做宾语的动词有：,动词不定式（the infinitive),她说她想当一名教授。 我同意跟那个大夫走。 他答应给我们帮忙。 我没晚需要休息8小时。 他成功地把那个男孩从水中救了出来。 我们已经决定把注意力

10、集中在学习上。 他拒绝向他的爸爸道歉。,Practise,动词不定式（the infinitive),二、常跟疑问词+动词不定式做宾语的动词,(1) Please tell me when to begin our experiment. (2) The teacher showed us how to carry out the experiment. (3) We couldnt find out why he had gone away without saying any words . (4) He explained to us what we should do before t

11、he experiment.,动词不定式（the infinitive),三、注意下列动词,begin start continue like prefer,+,to do doing,不定式表示具体的某一动作，而动名词表示一般 或习惯性的行为。,动词不定式（the infinitive),remember forget regret try mean stop go on cant help,+,to do doing,接动词不定式和动名词意义不同。,动词不定式（the infinitive),Practise,Boys, dont forget _(close) the windows b

12、efore you leave the classroom. 2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _(rest) on a big rock. 3. I am so busy , so I cant help_(clean) the room after school. 4. I regret _(inform) you that you have failed the exam. 5. In Britain, missing a bus means_ (wait) for another two hours.,to close,to

13、rest,to clean,to inform,waiting,动词不定式（the infinitive),need,require,want,+,doing to be done,主动语态表示被动的含义。,动词不定式（the infinitive),(3) 做宾语补足语,（动词不定式与宾语的关系是逻辑上的主谓关系）,My mother told me _(come) back before 10 oclock every day. 2. We wont allow our children _(smoke) at their early age. 3. What has caused him

14、 _(behave) so strangely? 4. Nothing can force me _(change) my mind. 5. I will get my classmate _(repair) your bike. 6. Our parents always make us _(obey) their rules. 7. I often hear them _(talk) loudly at the table.,to come,to smoke,to behave,to change,to repair,obey,talk,动词不定式（the infinitive),一听、二

15、看、三注意、四感觉、五观察之类的 感官动词。,listen to hear look at see watch notice feel observe,+,sb,do sth doing sth done,+,make, let, have sb （使役动词）,do sth,以上感官动词和使役动词主动语态 省去to, 在表达被动含义的时候要 将省去的动词不定式to 给加上。,动词不定式（the infinitive),Sb be,listened to heard noticed seen watched observed felt,+,to do sth,be made/ be let,动词

16、不定式（the infinitive),表示要求命令类,ask, tell, request, order等。,表示禁止许可类,allow, permit, forbid,表示希望类,wish, want, expect, intend,advise, warn, cause, persuade, force, encourage等,practice time,动词不定式（the infinitive),(4) 做表语,不定式做表语表示主语的内容。,My work is to clean the classroom every day.,还可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的事情，相当 于情态动词意

17、义上的应该,He is to marry Marry.,You are to blame for losing the match.,动词不定式（the infinitive),（5）做定语,I have something to tell you.,1 、不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系。,Do you have anything to type today? Do you have anything to be typed today?,(如何理解以上两句？）,动词不定式（the infinitive),2、不定式用来说明修饰词的内容。,I have no chance to go ther

18、e.,3、被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语。,He is always the first to come to the classroom.,4、不定式为不及物动词时，其后应该跟上相应 的介词。,I have no pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in.,动词不定式（the infinitive),这个房子不够大，住不下我们所有人。 把那把削水果的刀递给我好吗？ 我有些重要的话要说，请找张纸写上。,The house isnt big enough for all of us to live in. Would you ple

19、ase pass me the knife to cut the fruit with? I have something important to say.Please find a piece of paper to write on.,动词不定式（the infinitive),(6) 做状语,表示目的、原因和结果。,in order to tooto enough to so + adj. +as to such +n + as to never to only to,目的状语,结果状语,动词不定式（the infinitive),I came here to see you We w

20、ere very excited to hear the news He hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him,(目的),(原因),(条件),(结果),（2011北京卷）25. Its important for the figures _ regularly. A. to be updatedB. to have been updated C. to updateD. to have updated,(2011上海卷) 40. Today we have chat room

21、s, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face. A. losing B. to be losingC. to be lost D. having lost,（2011重庆卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _peoples concern over food safety. A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised,(2011湖南卷)21 . The ability _