高考英语一轮复习 专题突破解题策略2 阅读理解推理判断题的破解锦囊课件 外研版

1、必修二,第一部分,专题突破解题策略 (二) 阅读理解推理判断题的破解锦囊,高考英语阅读理解中的推理判断题所占的比重较大，同时难度也较大，很多考生对解答此类题感到很吃力，没有把握。该类题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上根据文章提供的事实和线索通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等，从而得出文章中隐含的深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文逻辑关系等已知信息，推断出作者没有提到的或者明说的事实或情感，或者可能发生的事。做推理判断题要以文中的信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能过度推理。同时，考生应多了解国外文化与习俗，这有助于理解文章。,1细节推断

2、题的判断方法 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。做此类试题要抓住相关内容的关键信息 (即某些关键词或词语) 去分析、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出该信息所隐含的深层含义。只有正确把握文章的内在联系，理解文章的真正含义，才能作出准确的推断。,(2016全国高考b) grandparents answer a call as a third generation native of brownsville, texas, mildred garza never planned to move away.even when her daughter and son asked her to

3、move to san antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.only after a year of friendly discussion did ms garza finally say yes.that was four years ago.today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.

4、,no statistics show the number of grandparents like garza who are moving closer to their children and grandchildren.yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. even president obamas motherinlaw, marian robinson, has agreed to leave chicago and move into the white house to help care f

5、or her granddaughters. according to a study by , 83 percent of the people said mrs.robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the american family.twothirds believe more families will follow the example of obamas family.,“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home fa

6、r enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，” says christine crosby, publisher of grand a magazine for grandparents.“we now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when youre raising children.” moving is not for everyone.almost every grandpa

7、rent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.,26what was t

8、he reaction of the public to mrs.robinsons decision? a17% expressed their support for it. bfew people responded sympathetically. c83% believed it had a bad influence. dthe majority thought it was a trend. 解析：d根据第二段的“yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. even president obamas mo

9、therinlaw, marian robinson，has agreed to leave chicago and moveinto the whitehouseto help care for her granddaughters.the example of obamas family”可知，大多数人认为marian robinson搬进白宫的决定是符合潮流的，故选d。,28what does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? amake decisions in the best interest

10、s of their own. bask their children to pay more visits to them. csacrifice for their struggling children. dget to know themselves better. 解析：a根据最后一段第二、三句话“almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and vis

11、it frequently instead. having your.may be harder”可知，作者建议祖父母做决定时考虑他们自己的利益。故选a。,(2016北京高考c) california condors shocking recovery california condors are north americas largest birds, with winglength of up to 3 meters.in the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning (铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out

12、.now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds. in the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over california and nearby arizona, utah and baja in mexico. .,63california condors attract researchers

13、interest because they_ . aare active at night bhad to be bred in the wild care found only in california dalmost died out in the 1980s 解析：d文章没有直接说美国加利福尼亚州秃鹫引起了研究人员的兴趣，但是结合第一段和下文的“so scientists have come up with a shocking idea”可推断，因为电线和铅中毒，20世纪80年代加利福尼亚州秃鹫濒临灭绝，因此它们引起了科研人员的兴趣。,2预测推断题的判断方法 根据文章中所陈述的事实、

14、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。对此类题，注意弄清作者的写作思路，决不能按自己的主观经验去推理。,(2016全国高考c) . (paragraph 4) members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. people who find a book can also leave a journal e

15、ntry describing what they thought of it. emails are then sent to the bookcrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.,11what will a bookcrosser do with a book a

16、fter reading it? a. meet other readers to discuss it. b. keep it safe in his bookcase. c. pass it on to another reader. d. mail it back to its owner. 解析：c推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“.the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站bookc的目的正是鼓励人们与别

17、人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故c项正确。,3文章来源或读者对象推断题的方法 考生要具备一定的常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本了解。这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出最佳答案。,(2015重庆高考c),47where is the passage most probably taken from? aa webpage.ba newspaper. ca novel.da report. 解析：a主要讲述了lakelander在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关于自己经历的不文明现象的描述和看法。本文是篇对于社会现象

18、的讨论，根据出现的讨论的时间，彼此隔开时间不长，可知来自网络，故选a项。,典例5 (2015广东高考b) when i was nine years old, i loved to go fishing with my dad. but the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while i couldnt catch anything. i usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. he always answered,

19、 “son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”， i remember being even more upset then because, “im not a fish！” i didnt know how to think like a fish. besides, i reasoned, how could what i think influence what a fish does? .,when i grew up and entered the business world, i rememb

20、er hearing my first boss say, “we all need to think like sales people.” but it didnt completely make sense. my dad never once said, “if you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” what he said was, “you need to think like a fish.” years later, with great efforts to promote longterm services to people much older and richer than me, i gradually learned what we all