浪漫主义三大诗人.ppt

1、,The Romantic Period,( 1780 - 1832 ) Romanticism In England,Outline :,The Background The Main Poets The Conclusion,The Background :,Politics : The French Revolution Economy: The Industrial Revolution Culture: The Romantic Movement,Liberty Equality Fraternity,Powerful Bourgeoisie Poor Proletariat,Dif

2、ferent Romanticists,The Main Poets :,The Passive Poets ( the Lake Poets ),The Active Poets (the Satantic School),William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge Robert Southey,George Gordon Byron Percy Bysshe Shelly John Keats,George Gordon Byron （乔治*戈登*拜伦） (1788 - 1824 ),Life Story Major Literary Works

3、Features of Byrons Poetry His Influence in English Literature Appreciation Byrons Don Juan,Lifetime,Birth date: 22 January 1788Family relations father: John Byron mother: Catherine Byron wife: Anne Isabella Byron (from 2 January 1815)Education Bodsy Bowers school at Aberdeen Aberdeen Grammar School:

4、 1794 to 1798 Dr. Glennies school at Dulwich: 1799 Harrow, student of Rev. Joseph Drury: 1801 Trinity College, Cambridge (M.A.): 1805 to 4 July 1808 Illnesses: Lameness Epilepsy（癫痫）: 1824 Cause of death: fever 19 April 1824 Buried at: Hucknall Torkard, England ,His Main Works,Hours of Idleness 闲暇时刻

5、The English Bards and Scotch Reviewers 英国诗人和苏格兰评论家 The Frame-breakers Bill 编织机法案 Byrons Maiden Speech in the House of Lords, on Feb. 27, in 1812 Byron spoke in defense of the English proletariat(无产阶级）. Song for the Luddites ChildeHaroldsPilgrimage 恰尔德哈罗德游记 Sonnet on Chillon锡隆十四行诗 The Prisoner of Chi

6、llon锡隆的囚徒a narrative poem Manfred 曼弗雷德a poetical drama（诗剧） Prometheus Don Juan 唐璜masterpiece Cain 该隐a poetical drama诗剧 The Prophecy of Dante 但丁预言 The Vision of Judgment 审判的幻景,Writing Features,1. The novelty of his subject matter, the exotic quality of his descriptions of oriental scenery. 2. Long na

7、rrative poems are intermingled(联系) with innumerable digressions（离题）which express his opinions on different political, social and cultural problems. 3. Scattered through his works one finds magnificent descriptions of natural scenery and exquisite lyrics of love and despair. 4. His poetic style is lo

8、ose, fluent, vivid. Ease and raciness are always characteristics of him.,Influence,Byrons poetry has great influence on the literature of the whole world. Across Europe, patriots and painters and musicians are all inspired by him. Poets and novelists are profoundly influenced by his work. Actually B

9、yron has enriched European poetry with an abundance of ideas, images, artistic forms and innovations. As a leading Romanticist, Byrons chief contribution is his creation of the Byronic hero.,Don Juan 唐璜,*It was written in Italy during the years from 1818 to 1823. *It has 16,000 lines in 16 cantos an

10、d witten in ottava rima （八行体）. *Each stanza contains 8 *iambic pentameter lines. *The rhyme scheme is abababcc,*The story of poems takes place in the latter part of the 18th century. Don Juan, its hero,is a Spanish youth of noble birth.The vicissitudes(人生沉浮）of his life and his adventures in many cou

11、ntries are described against varied social backgrounds, and he is seen to take part in different historical events ,thus giving a broad panorama(全景）of comtemporary life.,Don Juan - The isles of Greece（哀希腊）,aThe isles of Greece! the isles ofGreece! bWhere burning Sappho loved and sung, aWhere grew th

12、e arts of war and peace, bWhere Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung! cEternal summer gilds them yet, cBut all, except their sun, is set. aAnd where art thou, bMy country? On thy voiceless shore aThe heroic lay is tuneless now bThe heroic bosom beats no more! cAnd must thy lyre, so long divine, cDegenerat

13、e into hands like mine. aThe Scian and the Teian muse, bThe heros harp, the lovers lute, aHave found the fame your shores refuse; bTheir place of birth alone is mute cTo sounds which echo further west cThan your sires Islands of the Blest.“,希腊群岛呵，美丽的希腊群岛！ 火热的萨弗在这里唱过恋歌； 在这里，战争与和平的艺术并兴， 狄洛斯崛起，阿波罗跃出海面！

14、 永恒的夏天还把海岛镀成金， 可是除了太阳，一切已经消沉。 呵，他们而今安在？有你呢， 我的祖国？在无声的地上， 英雄的颂歌如今已沉 那英雄的心也不再荡！ 难道你一向庄严的琴， 竟至沦落到我的手里弹弄开奥的缪斯，蒂奥的缪斯， 那英雄的竖琴，恋人的琵琶， 原在你的岸上博得了声誉， 而今在这发源地反倒喑哑； 呵，那歌声已远远向西流传， 远超过你祖先的“海岛乐园”。 ？,Introduction of the section:,The section The Isles of Greece is among byrons most effective poetical utterances on n

15、ational freedom.All the 16 stanzas are supposed to have been sung by a Greek singer at the wedding feast of Don Juan and Haidee on the isle of Greece. In the song ,by constrasting the freedom enjoyed by the Greek ancient people with the enslavement of the early 19th century greeks under the Turkish

16、rule,the poet calls on the Greeks to struggle for their national freedom and liberation.,Analysis 1.The versification of the songs is different from the rest of the long poem. The song is composed of 16 stanzas, each stanza consisting of 6 lines of iambic tetrameter(四步抑扬格）, with a rhyme scheme ababc

17、c. 2.In this poem, Byron contrasts the past glory of the Greek people with their present state of enslavement with the purpose of stirring up the Greek people to fight for their liberation bravely. 3.Byron uses lots of allusions to Greek mythology and historical events to honor the Greek peoples anc

18、estors and their rich cultural and historical heritage, and at the same time to strengthen the contrast between the past and the present. 4.The theme of patriotism and heroism is evoked thoroughly and impressively in between the lines.,Percy Bysshe Shelley 珀西比希雪莱 (1792-1822),Life Story Major Literar

19、y Works Artistic Points of View Features of Shelleys Poetry His Position in English Literature Appreciation Shelleys Ode to the West Wind,Life Story,Born into a wealthy family at Sussex 1792 Educated first at Eton, then at Oxford in 1810 Being expelled from Oxford ,The Necessity of Atheism (1811), E

20、loped(私奔) with 16-year-old Harriet Westbrook in 1811 His first important poem, Queen Mab麦克女王, privately printed in 1813 In 1814 Shelley left England for France with Mary Godwin. Harriet Shelleys suicide in 1816, Shelley and Mary officially married. Settled in Italy in 1818 On July 8, 1822, Shelley w

21、as drowned while sailing in the Bay of Spezia, near Lerici(勒瑞奇),Major Literary Works The Necessity of Atheism (1811) 无神论的必然性 Queen Mab (1813) 麦布女王 The Spirit of Solitude (1816) 孤独之精神 Julian and Maddalo (1818） 朱利安与麦达罗 The Revolt of Islam (1818) 伊斯兰的起义 The Cenci (1819) 钦契一家 Prometheus Unbound (1819) 解

22、放的普罗米修斯 Ode to the West Wind (1819) 西风颂 Adonais (1821) 阿多那伊斯,Artistic Points of View: 1,A lifelong aversion (厌恶) to cruelty, injustice, authority, institutional religion and the formal shams of respectable society; condemning war, tyranny and exploitation; 2,Influenced by Christian humanism and pred

23、icating that only through gradual and suitable reforms of the existing institutions could benevolence be universally established and none of the evils would survive in this “genuine society”, where people could live together happily, freely and peacefully,Major Features of Shelleys Poetry 1,Rich in

24、myth, symbols and classical allusions, especially in describing fire, air, water, wind and earth; 2,Strong dramatic power as shown in the rapidity of his lines; 3,Style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what pa

25、ssionately moves us,Ode to the West Wind 西风颂,把我当作你的竖琴吧，有如树林： 尽管我的叶落了，那有什么关系！ 你巨大的合奏所振起的音乐 将染有树林和我的深邃的秋意： 虽忧伤而甜蜜。呵，但愿你给予我 狂暴的精神！奋勇者呵，让我们合一！ 请把我枯死的思想向世界吹落， 让它像枯叶一样促成新的生命！ 哦，请听从这一篇符咒似的诗歌， 就把我的话语，像是灰烬和火星 从还未熄灭的炉火向人间播散！ 让预言的喇叭通过我的嘴唇 把昏睡的大地唤醒吧！西风啊， 如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?,aMake me thy lyre, even as the forest is:

26、bWhat if my leaves are falling like its own! aThe tumult of thy mighty harmonies bWill take from both a deep, autumnal tone, cSweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce, bMy spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one! cDrive my dead thoughts over the universe dLike withered leaves to quicken a new birth

27、; cAnd, by the incantation of this verse, dScatter, as from an unextinguished hearth eAshes and sparks, my words among mankind! dBe through my lips to unawakened earth eThe trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind, eIf Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?,Analysis Written in the Autumn, 1819, and published

28、 in the following year, this poem has become one of the most popular and best-known of Shelleys verses. In a note Shelley outlined the circumstances behind the poems making This is best of all the well-known lyric pieces by Shelley. Ode: an elaborately formal lyric poem, often in the form of a lengt

29、hy ceremonious address to a person or abstract entity, always serious and elevated in tone. Structure and Rhyme: The poem contains five stanzas of fourteen lines each. Each stanza has three tiercets and a closing couplet. Metrical pattern(格律): iambic pentameter（五音步抑扬格) Rhyme Scheme: aba, bcb, cdc, d

30、ed, ee,Theme The cycle of the seasons: West Wind: Destroyer and preserver sweeps across the land, sweeps across the sky, sweeps across the ocean Man and wind Young (posessing the qualities of the wind): tameless, radical, brave, passionate, energetic, courageous, with strong imagination Old (losing

31、the qualities of the wind): tamed, conservative, inactive, indifferent, cold, loss of imagination,His Position in English History 1,One of the leading romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. 2,As far as his lyric poems are concerned, he is regarded as one of the

32、 greatest of all English poets. 3,He was the first poet in Europe who sang for the working class.,John Keats (约翰*济慈) (1795-1821) Here lies One Whose Name was writ in Water,1,Life Story 2,Major Literary Works 3,Major Features ofKeatss Poetry 4,His Position in English Literature 5,Appreciation Ode to

33、Nightingale,Keatss Life He was born in London on October 31, 1795 His parents died when he was yong Apprenticed to a surgeon-apothecary(外科药剂商） in 1811 Studied medicine at Guys Hospital in London from 1815-1816; Read well in Greek and Elizabethan literature, and had Homer, Spenser, Shakespeare and Mi

34、lton among his literary passions. Published his first book, Poems, in 1817 Died in Rome on February 23, 1821.,Major works Long poems: Endymion恩底弥翁 Isabella伊莎贝拉 The Eve of St. Agnes圣爱格尼斯之夜 Lamia 莱米亚 Hyperion 赫披里昂 Short lyrics: Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂 Ode on Melancholy哀感 Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂 To A

35、utumn秋颂,Major Features of Keatss Poetry characterized by exact and closely knit construction, sensual description, force of imagination always sensuous, colorful and rich in imagery One great message - the lasting power of beauty and its union with truth Major subject matters of his poems love & bea

36、uty and suffering & death,His Position in English Literature 1,Known as a sensuous poet (给人以美的享受的诗人). 2,A voice through which beauty expresses itself. 3,He is, like Shakespeare, Milton and Wordsworth, one of the indisputable great English poets.,Ode to a Nightingale（夜莺颂）,aMy heart aches, and a drows

37、y numbness pains bMy sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, aOr emptied some dull opiate to the drains bOne minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk: cTis not through envy of thy happy lot, dBut being too happy in thine happiness, - eThat thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees, cIn some melodious plot

38、 dOf beechen green, and shadows numberless, eSingest of summer in full-throated ease.,刺进了感官，有如饮过毒鸠， 又象是刚刚把鸦片吞服， 于是向着列斯忘川下沉： 并不是我嫉妒你的好运， 而是你的快乐使我太欢欣 因为在林间嘹亮的天地里， 你呵，轻翅的仙灵， 你躲进山毛榉的葱绿和荫影， 放开歌喉，歌唱着夏季。,Analysis of Ode to a Nightingale,Rhyme Scheme: a b a b c d e c d e Meter: iambic pentameter except for the eighth line of each stanza The Ode to a nightingale is a meditation on the eternal purity of the birds song. Its unrelenting poignancy reminds Keats, still haunted by the painful de