定语从句专题讲解课件

1、,定语从句,The Attributive Clause,1,PPT学习交流,I like quiet music.,I like music that is quiet.,定语从句,1. 什么是定语从句？ 2. 什么是先行词？ 3. 什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？ 4. 如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？,Think about it,2,PPT学习交流,a girl who likes red .,I know,Learn to discover,定语从句,在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。,两个句子,两个词,主 句,从句,？,3,PPT学习交流,1. I know a g

2、irl,2.,who likes red.,Jim reads books,which are fun.,主句,从句,完整的句子是主句,不完整的句子是从句,4,PPT学习交流,3.Do you know the things and persons,that they are talking about?,两个词,先行词,关系代词,被定语从句修饰的词,who,which,that,5,PPT学习交流,在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,定语从句,先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 定语从句一般放在先行词后面。而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前 。,关系词：引导定语从句的词称

3、为关系词。关系词分为 关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose)和 关系副词（when, where, why)。关系代词在从 句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词 在句中作状语。,6,PPT学习交流,Mary is a beautiful girl.,Mary is a girl who is beautiful.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句,7,PPT学习交流,I like music that / which I can dance to.,先行词,关系代词,定语从句,I like the singer who is beaut

4、iful.,I like the movie that is funny.,找一找,I still remember the first time when I met her.,8,PPT学习交流,Learn to think,关系代词,先行词,决定,先行词,关系代词,人,物,人和物,who,which,that,that,that,9,PPT学习交流,Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,10,PPT学习交流,I have an apple.,An apple is red

5、.,I have an apple,that is red.,修饰先行词 an apple,11,PPT学习交流,I have some friends.,Some friends like sports.,I have some friends,who like sports.,修饰先行词 friends,12,PPT学习交流,I like the movie. The movie is exciting.,I like the movie that is exciting .,that 修饰先行词movie,13,PPT学习交流,The woman who lives next door

6、is a teacher.,The woman is a teacher.,The woman lives next door.,who修饰先行词woman,14,PPT学习交流,Match the two sentences 1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _ 2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. _ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking. _ 4.Where is the picture? You bought it la

7、st week. _,Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man who is smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,15,PPT学习交流,1.关系代词that, which引导的定语从句: 如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语),16,PPT学习交流,This is a dream. T

8、he dream will never come true.,This is a dream which/that will never come true.,The dog has been found. The dog was lost.,The dog that/which was lost has been found.,Practise: 1.This is the house. The house is for sale This is the house that/which is for sale.,which / that 作主语. (不能省),（作主语）,17,PPT学习交

9、流,which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）,This is the card. Ive just received the card.,This is the card which / that Ive just received.,Practise: 1.This is the mistake. I always make mistake. This is the mistake which /that I always make 2. I still keep the letters. She wrote the letters to me . I still keep the

10、letters which she wrote to me.,( ),（作宾语）,( ),18,PPT学习交流,2.关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句: 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语) whom (作宾语),19,PPT学习交流,who / that 作主语. (不能省),This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China.,This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语),The boy

11、called Roy. The boy broke the window. The boy who/that broke the window is called Roy.,/ that,Practise:,20,PPT学习交流,who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略),The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now.,The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）,The thief has been se

12、nt to prison. The police caught the thief last night.,The thief (who/that/whom) the police caught last night has been sent to prison.,Practise:,21,PPT学习交流,定语从句的用法:,当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.,These are the trees which were planted last year.,当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, whose, that引导.,22,PPT学习交流,who, whom, who

13、se, that用法区别.,who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,The man is a worker.,The man is speaking at the meeting.,分解,作主语,23,PPT学习交流,Whom 作定语从句的宾语,The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.,The woman is a teacher.,They wanted to visit the woman.,分解,作宾语,24,PPT学习交流,whos

14、e 作定语从句的定语.,I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.,分解,I know the girl.,The girls mother is a teacher.,作定语,25,PPT学习交流,that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.,注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略.,The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.,26,PPT学习交流,小结： 1).that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。 2).which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.

15、,3).who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）,注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。,27,PPT学习交流,有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：,当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody, nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。 1).Thats all that I know. 2).Is there anything that I can do for you?

16、3).He answered few questions that the teacher asked.,28,PPT学习交流,2).The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons. 3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。 1).Thats the only thing that I can do now. 2).These are the very words that he used.,2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 1).That is the most intere

17、sting book that I have ever read.,29,PPT学习交流,5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that. The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.,Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?,4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句 的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.,30,PPT学习交流,关系代词只用which不用that情况,

18、1.关系代词前有介词。,2.先行词本身是that.,31,PPT学习交流,whose 作定语,表示所属关系。,The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a policeman.,The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.,32,PPT学习交流,【巧学妙记】定语从句的用法 主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。 从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。 定人要用who或whom，定物which当先用。 关系代词用that，定人定物有本领。 when用来定时间，where用来定地点。 关系代词作成分，唯

19、作宾语可省略。,33,PPT学习交流,Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who / that,which/ that,who / that,which / that,34,PPT学习交流,5.

20、The man _ hair is white is his grandfather. 6. Is there a student _ father is a business man? 7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years. 8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,35,PPT学习交流,Exercise 2.,My father

21、 and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all _ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.,36,PPT学习交流,4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here. 5. This is the bes

22、t novel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree? 7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,37,PPT学习交流,先行词,1.I know a girl who _(like)red.,先行词,2. Jim reads books which_(be) fun.,

23、先行词,3. Do you know the things and persons that they _(be) talking about?,先行词,决定,关系代词,从句中的谓语动词形式,likes,are,are,38,PPT学习交流,定语从句中的主谓一致,The mp4 that _ been given to me is home-made. ( have) I, who _ your classmate, will share the work with you. ( be ),关系代词做从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单

24、数形式。,has,am,39,PPT学习交流,Learn to practice,1. Tom is one of the boys that _(be) from the USA.,2. Tom is the only boy that_(be) from the USA.,are,is,40,PPT学习交流,【注意】,He is one of the students who _ made great progress. Mr Wang is the only one of my friends who _ been invited to have dinner with us. (hav

25、e),one of +复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数形式。但若one前有 the （only） the（ just） the （very）修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式,have,has,41,PPT学习交流,Exercise,1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.,2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I g

26、ave her.,which/that,whose,42,PPT学习交流,4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.,5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,which/that,whom,6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.,which/that,43,PPT学习交流,7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.,8.All _ we can

27、do is to study hard.,9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.,that,that,that,44,PPT学习交流,Exercise,1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,which/that,whose,3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.,2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I ga

28、ve her.,45,PPT学习交流,4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.,5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,which/that,whom,6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.,which/that,46,PPT学习交流,7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.,8.All _ we can do is to study har

29、d.,9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.,that,that,that,47,PPT学习交流,10.The person _ you should write to is Mr Ball . 11. The teacher from _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu . 12. The runner _ you are asking about is over there . 13 .The girl _ you are looking for is in the classroom . 14. The meeting _ we shall take part in will be held in a hotel . 15. The factory _ I worked in for over two years has been closed . 16. The airport _ is 30 kilometres away is the only one in