英语课件英语构词法课件.ppt

1、英语构词法,英语构词法主要有三种： 转化、合成与派生。,英语构词法种类,另外还有截短、缩合等。,1. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。,water n. 水 - water vt. 浇水,常见的转化形式两种： 动词 - 名词 名词 - 动词,动词-名词 stop vt. 停止 - n.车站 love vt. 爱 - n. 爱 Watch vt. 观看 - n. 手表 record vt. 录音 - n. 纪录 comb vt. 梳理(头发) - n. 梳子 abuse vt. 辱骂 - n. 辱骂,名词 - 动词 hand n. 手 - vt. 上交 seat n. 座位 - vt.

2、 坐 nurse n. 护士 - vt. 护理 oil n. 油 - vt. 上油 time n. 时间 - vt. 定时，测时 shoulder n. 肩膀 - vt. 肩负,mine n. 矿山 - vt. 开矿 barbecue n. 烧烤-vt. 在烤架上烤 ship n. 船 - vt. 用船装运 finance n. 金融- vt. 为提供资金 stain n. 污点,污迹 - vt. 玷污，污染 draft n. 草稿 - vt. 起草 head n. 头 - v. 前进 transport n. 运输 - vt. 运输,副词 - 动词 down adv. 向下 - v. 放下

3、副词 - 名词 nowhere adv. 任何地方都不 - n. 无处，无名的地方,形容词 - 名词 freezing adj. 冰冻的 - n. 冰点 solid adj. 固体的,坚实的- n. 固体,数词 - 动词 second num. 第二 - v. 赞成 - n. 秒,2. 合成 : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 class 班级 + room 房间 = classroom 教室,warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的 good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的,hard + working = hard-working

4、 勤劳的 peace-loving state-owned well-known ready-mades ightseeing bloodthirsty,3. 派生 : 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。,happy - unhappy develop - development,前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis- 错误的 + understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 误解,en + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 扩大,后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。,care v. 照

5、料 - careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 - worker n. 工人,常见的前缀,(A)表示否定或逆转的前缀： de- defrost decentralize un-unfair, unhappy, unlock non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive, inhuman, indirect (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree,disappear m-impolite,impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前) il-illegal illogical ir-irreal, irregular,

6、irrelevant,(B).表示错误或失当的前缀: mis-misjudge, misdirect(误导) (C).表示向背的前缀: pro-(亲，支持) pro-Chinese, pro-American anti-（阻止，抗） antiwar, anti-Japanese war,(D).表示程度、大小的前缀 super- superstar,supermarket, superman, superpower over- overeat, overuse out- outnumber, outdo macro-macroeconomics micro- microeconomics mi

7、croscope mini- minibus, miniskirt, mini-car under- underestimate, under-develop,(E).表示时间的前缀 ex- ex-president, ex-wife pre- prewar, precaution post-postwar fore-(前，预先)foretell, forecast, foresee, weather forecast,(F).表示方位的前缀： ex- export, exclude extra- extranuclear, extraordinary in- inland, invade i

8、ntra- intranuclear, intrastate,sub- subway, submarine inter- international, intercity, interclass trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入) trans, cultural transatlantic,G 表示数量,semi-(半，部分) semicircle, semiskilled, semi-steel uni- unicycle, unilateral mono- monorail bi- bicycle tri- triangle, tricycle poly- polysyllable m

9、ulti multifunctional, multinational,H 表示 方式或态度,auto- autobiography, automobile co- cooperate coexistence con- connection concentrate col- colleague, collect com- combine common companion compress contra- contradiction counter- counterattack , countermeasure,I 变换词类的前缀,be- befriend belittle (轻视) en- i

10、nable, endanger em- embitter, empower,J 其它,bio- biochemistry, biology mal- malnutrition, maltreat pseudo- pseudoscience therm(o)- thermometer,常见的后缀,1.动词变名词： -ation satisfaction, education, realization -ment development, movement, disappointment,-al arrival, refusal -ee trainee, employee -er teacher,

11、 worker -or visitor, sailor,2.形容词变名词 -ness happiness, meanness, carelessness -ity ability, possibility -ism Marxism, criticism,3.名词变形容词： -y windy, rainy, sandy -ish foolish, feverish -some handsome, troublesome -ous dangerous, humorous -ful helpful, careful, peaceful,3. 名词、形容词变动词： -ify beautify, sim

12、plify -ize realize -en quicken, widen, sharpen,但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义： Kingdom: “职位、状态” freedom Boyhood: “身份，资格” childhood Friendship:情态状态性质身份职业技巧技 能” leadership, hardship Spoonful：构成名词mouthful(满口,一口), handful(一把),4. 截短 : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。 telephone - phone influenza - flu. 流行性感冒,5. 缩合 : 是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分

13、合在一起构成一个新单词。,smoke and fog - smog 烟雾 Test of English as a foreign language TOEFL 托福 International English language test system - IELTS 雅思,1. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _ the speaker _ .A. to find； left B. to find； goneC. finding； left D. finding； gone,1.The peasant died, leaving

14、 his wife and his three children in the world 2. He woke up the next morning, only to find himself in the hospital.,find +宾语+宾补,find the door open (adj.) find him sitting by the window(-ing) find the wall painted (P.P) find himself in the hospital(prep.phrase),2.I failed again. I wish I _ harder. Bu

15、t you _.A. had worked； hadnt B. worked； dontC. had worked； didnt D. worked； didnt,wish,I wish you success. I wish you to help me. Give my best wishes to I wish I were a bird. I wish I could help you. I wish I had attended the ball yesterday.,3.Why not go out for a walk before breakfast?Oh，yes. _ is

16、my favorite time of day.A. In the early morningB. Early morningC. The early of morningD. The early morning that,It was early morning when I got home. It was in the early morning that I got home. Was it in the early morning that you got home? When was it that you got home?,4. It was not until liberat

17、ion that _ to his hometown.A. did he return B. was he returnedC. he did return D. he returned,It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them,当被强调的是not.until句型时,应将not置于until之前,主句由否定句改为肯定句。,It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.,It was her that told me about it. It was she

18、 that told me about it. It is I who the teacher has punished It is me whom the teacher has punished.,强调句,It is/was+that It is he that/who wants to go instead of you. It was 2:00 when they left. It was at 2:00 that they left. It was because he was late that he was scolded. It was in the street that h

19、e was knocked down.,5.Id like a pen which _ well. Will this one _?A. writes； do B. writes； workC. is written； do D. is written； work,6.Can you finish the writing on time? _.A. Never mind B. With pleasureC. No problem D. All right,7.When _ we meet again? _ it any time you like.A. will； Do B. will； Ma

20、keC. shall； Do D. shall； Make,8. Look! There are lots of _ birds flying over the trees.A. funny red little B. funny little redC. little funny red D. little red funny,好美小高状其新， 颜色国料特别亲。,good/beautiful/small(little)/tall/round (interesting)/new red/nationality/wood/,9. They couldnt eat in a restaurant

21、because _ of them had _ money on them.A. all； no B. any； noC. none； any D. no one； any,10.Shall we meet right now? Sorry. Im too busy to _ for the moment.A. get through B. get awayC. get off D. get together,get away（1) 逃脱 (2) 开始，出发；离开；出去旅行或休假 (3) 使离去；移走；送走,Get off (1) 下去，下来；下（公共汽车、火车、飞机等），下（马等）(2) 出

22、发，离去；起飞；起跑(3) 寄出；发出(4) 脱掉；除去，摆脱(5) 免受伤害、灾祸或损失(6) 学会，记熟,Get together(1) 收集，积聚 (2) 聚集在一处，会集；召集，集拢,Get through(1) 通过；使通过 (2) 打通（尤指电话）,11. _ is known to all，good friends _ happiness and value to life. A. It； add B. As； addC. It； add up D. As； add to,add up 总计，总共 add to 增加 add to 加到,That will only add to our difficulties. 那只会增加我们的困难。 Add up 6,7 and 8 and youll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。,12. Mr. Green left _ suddenly _ he came.A. so； that B. so； asC.