托福写作机经分析2.ppt

1、托福写作机经分析2,国外考试部,2007-12-8,Advertisement is waste of money and time because people know what the need.,答题顺序,我的观点 Advertisement is of great importance to customers. 反面观点 Advertisement is a waste of time and money. 反面原因 Customers are capable of recognizing their needs.,反驳观点：advantages 1. 2. 3.,Intro,Co

2、mmon knowledge is that advertising refers to presenting information relating to a product or service by a variety of media, such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, brochures, and so forth. A notion that advertisement is a waste of time and money. It might be tempting to agree with the asse

3、rtion on the basis that customers are capable of recognizing their need. However, I cast doubt on this assertion. I strongly contend that advertisement is of great importance to customers.,第一段,Advertisement can provide a customer with the latest information in the market, such as properties of a pro

4、duct or service, and thereby it enables a customer to make a wiser buying decision.,By contrast, without advertising, a consumer is at the risk of purchasing a product that fails to meet all of his or her needs, because of lack of knowledge of better alternatives in the market.,第二段,As is said before

5、, advertising is responsible to introduce a product, but in reality, it does more than that.,Advertising describes a product in such an impressive way and with adding so many visual appeals that it always succeeds in attracting the eyes of audience and driving them into a final purchase. Besides, ad

6、vertising reminds intended customers of their existing needs or creates fresh needs, keeping them aware that only by purchasing a product can their needs be met.,By these two approaches, advertising encourages spending and contributes to economic development.,第四段,Although some advertisements contain

7、 certain beguiling factors, nobody should deny the merits of advertisements. From what has been discussed above, we can make the conclusion that advertisement is of significance to customers. I encourage people to gain adequate information from advertisements before they make a purchasing decision.

8、However, it is up to them to make the final decision which is in line with their value and situation.,2007-11,In the future 20 years, people will spend less time on cooking.,The rapid pace of life makes it impossible for one to obtain enough time to cook.-job The advancement in cooking technology sa

9、ves a large amount of time for human beings.-Microwave The booming of various restaurants is alluring people to eat out. -cuisine,2007-11,People do not work because they have enough money are rarely happy. 反对 1. Wealthy people who are not compelled to work are granted with more time to spend with th

10、eir family. 2. Such wealthy people possess enough time and money to travel. 3. Those wealthy people can immerse themselves in computer games, without the limitation of time.,2007-10,Teachers should be paid according to how well his students perform. 反对,There is no uniformed and definite criteria to

11、assess the performance of students. Supposing such an uniformed and definite criteria exists, the performance of students is affected by various internal and external factors, such as mood, weather and so forth. Every student is fundamentally different in nature. A teacher is incapable to require ev

12、ery student to study to their full capacity.,2007-10,Observing or studying animals can help us to understand human nature. 反对,Human beings and animals are fundamentally divergent in nature. : Genome/body structure The living circumstances of human being and animals have nothing in common. Technology

13、/ interpersonal relationship,1. Personality （性格）,15：a good neighbor 18: a good boss 22: a good co-worker 46: a good son or daughter 62: a good friend 93: a good roommate 179: a good friend,相似话题,182: should pets be treated as a family member? 176: create a holiday to honor sb or sth? 166: what events

14、 make a person an adult 126: is there anything that young people can teach old people?,相似话题,122: are people always not satisfied with what they have? 121: judge people by first impressions, right or wrong? 79: whom in your country would you choose to build a statue for?,经典理由分析,The foundation of any

15、relationship, whether among neighbors or friends, colleagues or family members, is mutual respect. Another important aspect of being a _is to be vigilant.,Moreover, good_ are community-minded. (They care about their local environment. Good neighbors will not throw trash on the ground, and if they se

16、e trash on the ground they will pick it up.),Good (neighbors) are sensitive to the unintentional things that can happen. They do not make a big deal about them. A good (neighbor) is also respectful of your property. They would help make the others life easier. A good _-will help you in time of crisi

17、s.,While humor and kindness are important characteristics for_ to have. To confront the countless problems that arise every day in their life, a good _ must be creative. The most important quality that a good _ must possess is flexibility.,A good supervisor gives clear and understandable directions.

18、 A good boss evaluates her employees on a reasonable set of criteria, not on how she feels about them personally. Most importantly, a good supervisor sets the standards for her employees by her own behaviors.,A good co-worker is very cooperative. She does her best to get along with others. She tries

19、 to keep her end of things flowing smoothly to help others in the office. A good co-worker is adaptable. She is not stubborn about changes in schedules or routines.,A good co-worker is helpful. He pitches in when someone falls behind in his or her work. Co-workers with team spirit will put the needs

20、 of the company and their co-workers before their own needs. A good co-worker needs to be hard working. This is the responsibility of every worker in any company. Finally, good co-workers need to have a sense of humor.,It is important to me that my friends are intelligent, because I value intellectu

21、ally stimulating conversation on meaningful topics. A friend with a good sense of humor can entertain and understands how to ease my sorrows by making me laugh in difficult times. However, only the reliable friend, by virtue of his dependability and loyalty, is guaranteed to stand by me in difficult

22、 times, and thus reliability is the most important characteristic I look for in a friend.,Choosing a friendly roommate is very important if one wants to create a healthy living environment. Finally, a roommate should have a good work ethic. If ones roommate is constantly procrastinating and waiting

23、until the last minute to do assignments, it can ruin ones ability to do his/her own work.,The first of these traits is the capacity for love. Children must feel loved by their parents if they are going to grow into well-developed, stable adults.,Trust is also very important for a childs development.

24、 If a parent is always prying into a childs privacy, the child will think he/she is doing something wrong to deserve such mistrust. This leads to the child hiding things from the parent, which therefore leads to dishonesty. It is also of utmost importance for a parent to have a well-developed sense

25、of responsibility.,Because our parents love us, they also respect us. They treat us as individuals. They accept our differences. They do not expect us to be like them. They want us to be our own persons. They want us to make our own way in the world, not follow in their footsteps.,Unconditional love

26、 Part of unconditional love is trust. My parents trust us to do what is right. They know we would never do anything to hurt them or to disgrace them. They trust us so we trust them. We are confident that they would never do anything to hurt us.,A friend is, as it were, a second self. 可以说，朋友是另一个自我。,F

27、riendship cannot be expressed in words, it is proved by life; friendship cannot be accepted through ears, it is tested by a heart. What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies.,My only sketch ,profile, of Heaven is a large blue sky, and larger than the biggest I have seen in Juneand in it

28、are my friendseveryone of them. 我心中描绘的天堂，有一望无际的蓝天，比六月的天空更宽广，我的每一个朋友就在这片天空中。,Some components of a thriving friendship are honesty, naturalness, thoughtfulness, some common interests. Unless you make allowances for your friends foibles, you betray your own. Advice is like snow, the softer if falls, th

29、e longer it dwells upon, and the deeper it sinks into the mind.,2. 成功,10: does luck have anything to do with success? 27: should people sometimes do things that they do not enjoy? 37: is progress always good? 40: do we need “never, never give up” 42: one skill needed to be successful in the world to

30、day? 54: should judge people by appearance?,49: is face-to face communication better than other type of communication? 50: Do what you already do well or try new things? 51: what does success come from, taking risks or careful planning?,63: can difficult experiences become valuable lessons? 103: the

31、 most important characteristic that a person can have to be successful in life? 115: planning or not for your leisure time?,117. choose friends who are different from you or similar to you? 118. are decisions that people make quickly always wrong? 131. only people who earn a lot of money are success

32、ful?,“Never give up” represents a strong and positive life attitude. Never give up. Such strong belief often gives us the second chance. Psychology teaches us that we do get what we want, if we know exactly what we want and want the right thing.,My advice is to always look for another opportunity, a

33、nother goal, or another option. There is always something else. Do not give up.,By convincing or persuading we get what we want from others. By convincing or persuading we become more and more sturdy and powerful. Nobody is capable of doing every thing perfect. By persuading other to cooperate with

34、us, we can achieve much more than we could only by ourselves.,Ironically, it is ourselves who need us to persuade and convince most. We by nature are weak, yet have to be stronger to face up to tough surroundings. All too often we need encouraging. Amazingly enough, it is us who can in deed encourag

35、e ourselves.,Careful planning is a requisite part of life, especially when ones decisions can impact ones own life and the lives of others in a significant way. At the same time, taking chances is necessary on the way to success.,Thinking critically can enable one to analyze problems insightfully. T

36、hinking critically can help one concentrate on right targets. Only by thinking critically can one make decisions wise and prudent.,SUCCESS,To follow, without halt, one aim. Theres the secret of success. -Anna Pavlova, Russian Ballerina 不停地向一个目标前进，这就是成功的秘诀。-俄国芭蕾舞蹈家 安娜帕夫洛娃,The three signs of great men

37、 are generosity in the design, humanity in the execution, moderation in success. -Otto Bismarck, Prussian Statesman, Prime Minister 伟人都有三个特征-天生慷慨、行事符合人性，还有成功时所表现的适度谦逊。 -普鲁士政治首相 奥图俾斯麦,If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, and prudence as

38、 your brother and hope as your sentry.-Thomas Edison, American Inventor, Entrepreneur Founder of GE 如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友、以经验为参谋、以谨慎为兄弟、以希望为哨兵。-美国发明家、企业家、通用公司创始人 爱迪生,Success often depends upon knowing how long it will take to succeed. -Charles De Montesquieu, French Jurist, Political Philosopher 成功常常取决于知道

39、需要多久才能成功。 -法国法理学家、政治哲学家 孟德斯鸠,If there is any great secret of success in life, it lies in the ability to put yourself in the other persons place and to see things from his point of view-as well as your own. -Henry Ford, American Industrialist 生活中的成功秘诀，是让自己设身处地地想，用自己、也用别人的角度看事情。 -美国实业家 亨利福特,A man can

40、succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm. -Charles Schwab, American Industrialist, Businessman 一个人，只要他有无限的热情，就几乎可以在任何事情上取得成功。 -美国实业家、商人 查尔斯施瓦布,I succeeded because I willed it; I never hesitated. -Napoleon, French Emperor 我成功是因为我有决心，且从不犹豫。 -法国皇帝 拿破仑,The road to success is not

41、to be run upon by seven-leagued boots. Step by step, little by little, bit by bit that is the way to wealth, that is the way to wisdom, that is the way to glory. -Charles Buxton, British Author 成功从不是一蹴而就的。通往成功之道，需要一步一步，一点一滴，日积月累，才能创造财富、充满智慧，最后抵达终点，赢得荣耀。 -英国作家 查尔斯巴克斯顿,A stitch in time save nine. -Cha

42、rles Reade, British Novelist, Dramatist 一针不缝九针难补，及时处理事半功倍。 -英国小说家、剧作家 查尔斯里德,Make up your mind to act decidedly and take the consequences. No good is ever done in this world by hesitation. -Thomas Henry Huxley, British Biologist, Educator 下定决心，果断行动，并承担后果。在这世界上犹豫不决成就不了任何事。 -英国生物学家、教育家 托马斯亨利赫胥黎,It is n

43、ot the ship so much as the skilled sailing that assures the prosperous voyage. -George William Curtis, American Journalist 能够确保航程一路顺风的不是那艘船，而是经验老到的航行技术。 -美国记者 柯蒂斯,Nothing great in the world has been accomplished without passion. -George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German Philosopher 这个世界上要是没有热情是不可能完成伟大

44、事业的。 -德国哲学家 黑格尔,Will, work and wait are the pyramidal cornerstones for success. -Louis Pasteur, French Scientist 意志、工作和等待是成功的金字塔和基石。 -法国科学家 巴斯德,He that would make sure of success should keep his passion cool, and his expectation low. -Jeremy Collier, British Clergyman, Conjuror 想成功的人头脑要冷静，期望要降低。 -英国

45、教士、魔术师 科里亚,Big man become big by doing what they didnt want to do when they didnt want. -William Hogarth, British Painter, Engraver 伟人之所以伟大，是因为他们不想那么做的时候，做了他们不想做的事情。 -英国画家、雕刻师 贺加斯,Success is the sum of details. -Harvey Samuel Firestone, American Industrialist 成功是所有细节的总和。 -美国实业家 哈维赛谬尔费尔斯通,The only wa

46、y to achieve true success is to express yourself completely in service to society. First, have a definite, clear, practical ideala goal, an objective. Secondly, have necessary means to achieve your endswisdom, money, materials and methods. Third, adjust all your means to that end. -Aristotle, Ancien

47、t Greece Philosopher 通往成功终点的唯一的方法，是竭尽所能地表现自己、服务社会。首先，设定一个明确、清楚、可行的理想、目标与方向；其次，取得达到目标所需的任何条件，包括智慧、金钱、资料与系统方法。最后，调整方法，以达目的。 -古希腊哲学家 亚里士多德,3. 科技变化,3: does easier-prepared food improve the way people live? 7: the influence of movies or television on peoples behavior? 8: has television destroyed communic

48、ation among people? 36: a transportation vehicle that has changed peoples lives?,39:technology, students helper or not? 57: movies: serious or entertaining? 70: has automobile improved modern life or cause serious problems? 73: computers and human life. 81: has technology made the world a better pla

49、ce to live?,82: can advertising tell you a lot about a country? 83: is modern technology creating a single world culture? 84: internet importance: valuable or problematic? 87: what discovery in the last century has been most beneficial for your compatriot?,88. has telephone and e-mail made communica

50、tion between people less personal? 104: artists contribution of scientists contribution, which is more valuable? 124: is it more important for students to study history and literature than to study science and mathematics?,127: is reading fiction more enjoyable than watching movies/ 132: if you coul

51、d invent something new, what product would you develop? 141: what change do you want to make in a school you attended? 145: do advertisements promote things we do not need or products that may improve our lives?,150: is watching television bad for children? 159: what is the change of that should be

52、remembered about the twentieth century? 167: should school buy computers or books?,178: what changes the 21st century will bring? 180: why movies are so popular all over the world?,科技发展的影响是正面还是负面的？ 科技发展让我们的空闲时间变多还是变少？ 科技发展对我们的文化、思想、观念和社区有什么影响？,手机所带来的问题和负面影响：,社会问题：在公共场所讲话声音大（speak at an increased vol

53、ume)，让人感觉不舒服（feel uncomfortable)； 技术问题：信息可能会被第三方截取（intercept)或者偷听（eavesdrop in)； 医疗问题：有可能增加患癌症的几率（increase the risk of suffering cancers)； 安全问题：开车时打电话（talk on the phone while driving)，导致交通事故的发生（correlation with road traffic accidents)。,手机所带来的好处和正面影响：,丰富生活：除了发信息（send text messages)和语音留言（make voice ca

54、lls)之外，收集还可以用来浏览网页（internet browsing)、收发电子邮件（email)、拍照（built-in cameras)、下载铃声（ring tones)、玩游戏（games)和听广播（radio)等，由此丰富了人们的生活； 方便沟通：手机使人们可以随时随地进行联系；再有突发时间的时候（in the event of an emergency），手机可以通过信号来确定人的位置（locate trapped or injured people using the signals from their mobile phones)。,早期科技（比如汽车、飞机）的影响：,提高

55、效率和生产力，使得农业化向工业化转变（make a transition from agriculture to manufacture），社会财富积累更快。 城市的崛起（growth of cities），教育开始职业化和正式化（vocational and formal），工作时间固定（8小时工作日，一周五个工作日）（fixed timetable, working days/weeks); the earliest days of the Industrial Revolution）。,商品更加多样，特别是工业生产品（manufactured goods），人们不再满足自给自足的生活（s

56、elf-contained）； 早期科技是现代科技的基础（the prototype of modern technologies），而现代科技是早期科技的革新（innovations of those inventions in,早期科技（比如汽车、飞机）的弊端：,造成各种污染，譬如，空气污染（cause air pollution）；消耗大量的资源，包括化石燃烧（consume fossil fuels）。,最新科技（比如电脑、因特网和各种电器）的优势：,提高效率，增加生产力（improve productivity），让人们用“手指代步”(let your fingers do the

57、walking); 减少污染（reduce pollution），减少汽油的使用； 人们获得信息更多，知识更加丰富，思想更加开明（enlightened）。,最新科技（比如电脑、因特网和各种电器）的弊端：,随着效率和生产力的提高，工业化程度不断加强，导致很多企业不得不裁员(make people redundant),最终造成大量人员失业； 工作和生活之间的差别越来越模糊（boundary between work and play is blurred），下班之后可能要查阅工作的信件；,因特网和电脑提供了娱乐，因此人们越来越不愿意外出运动（sedentary lifestyle）； 现代科技

58、影响了人们的文化和观念，如人们的生活从相互依靠转移到独立自主（make a transition from interdependence to independence）。,正面影响：,提高效率； 网络给人们提供大量信息，增加人们的知识； 减少交通工具的使用（rely less on private or public transport），从而减少汽车废气的排放（lead to a drop in the carbon footprint）。,负面影响：,人与人之间的交流减少，人们只关心自己的生活方式（concerned about ones own way of life），导致形式以个

59、体为中心的社会（an insular society develops and forms）； 人们习惯于不运动的生活方式（inactive lifestyle），甚至过起隐居的生活（live a reclusive life），过分依赖因特网做其他事情（relay excessively on the Internet for running errands）。,很多问题没有解决：,环境：由于工业化（industrialisation）、人口增长(rapid population growth)和资源使用的不善（inefficient energy use）导致的环境问题（environmental conditions deteriora