chmosky and his contributions (乔姆斯基对语言学贡献).ppt

1、Noam Chomsky Developed by - 陈娇 陈竞 董琴 黄莉萍 黄昕 李丹 李东蔚 李雪 李娅茜 李应琴 李玉 李芝 廖鑫 罗津 莫雨婷 庞婷 任婵 佘思雅 Class12,American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, and activist Born：Dec.7.1928 in Philadelphia His father: William Chomsky, an emigrant from Russia His wife: Carol Schatz,Between 1940 and1945 :acquaint

2、ed with the workings of the socialist- anarchist Between 1945 and1950 : a student at the University of Pennsylvania and began his study of linguistics proofread developed In 1951 :accepted nomination by Goodman as a Junior Fellow to Harvard University. In 1953 : further work During the year of 1955

3、: obtained a position at MIT, taught for 19 years Between 1965 and1973 : against the Vietnamese policy of the US Government,the father of modern linguistics,impressive,A revolution in the linguistics,Chomsky studied in the structuralism atmosphere while he was not satisfied with the theory of struct

4、uralism,The inadequacy of structuralism Fail to explain some common linguistics facts and phenomena. eg. why children acquire their first language in a few years?,Transformational-generative Linguistics “Language Acquisition Device” (LAD),Transformational generative linguistics,LAD Surface structure

5、 and Deep structure,LAD,It is made up of a set of general principles called universal grammar This can be adopted to all the languages in the world Manage to be accounted for the facts which structuralism cant explain,Surface structureanddeep structure,Surface structure: syntactic structure Deep str

6、ucture: more abstract and complicated eg, John is eager to please. John is easy to please . Structurally similar sentences might vary in the meaning, for they have quite different deep structures,universal grammar,definition e.g. be innate to make up LAD LAD + outside language input = the ability of

7、 language learning,a red apple 红苹果 run fast 跑得快,Deep structure vs Surface structure,meaning a sentence e.g.,deep structure one,deep structure two,surface structure one,surface structure two,surface structure one,surface structure two,He is crying. He saw Mary with the microphone. With the microphone, he saw Mary. Flying planes is very dangerous. It is dangerous to fly planes. Planes that are flying is dangerous.,Competence and Performance,Competence refers to a speakers knowledge of langu