英语高三15.ppt

1、新高三暑假作业第十五讲（虚拟语气）,主讲: 高 勇 镇江市实验高级中学 审稿：王明霞 镇江市教育局教研室,非真实条件句中谓语动词形式,一、单项选择,1. What would have happened if you _ her child? A. hadnt helped B. couldnt help C. wouldnt help D. didnt help,题干主句中用了would have happened，可见是对过去情况的虚拟，所以if从句中应该用过去完成时。所以正确答案是：,A,2. If Alice _ this afternoon, the meeting would be

2、 put off. A. would not come B. might not come C. should not come D. could not come,题干主句中用了would be put off，且if从句中有时间状语this afternoon，可见本题是对将来情况的虚拟，所以if从句中谓语动词可以用三种表达：1. 过去式；2. were to do；3. should do 。所以正确答案是：,C,3. If I _ with her last summer, I _ with her now. A. worked; am getting on very well B.

3、had worked; would get on very well C. had worked; would have got on very well D. had worked; will get on very well,本题由last summer可见if从句是对过去情况的假设，由now可见主句是对现在情况的虚拟，所以if从句中谓语动词该用过去完成时，主句谓语动词该用would do。所以正确答案是：,B,4. _ your letter, I would have started off two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I rece

4、ive C. If I could have received D. Had I received,由主句可见本题是对过去情况的假设，所以if从句中谓语动词该用过去完成时，也可以省略if，把had提前，用倒装的形式表达。所以正确答案是：,D,5. Without sunlight or water or air, there _ no life on the earth. A. will have B. would be C. should be D. must be,本句是由without引出的含蓄条件句，根据句意，“没有阳光、水和空气，地球上就不会有生命。” 所以主句中谓语动词该用ther

5、e would be。所以正确答案是：,B,6. He was very busy yesterday. Otherwise, he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come,本句是由otherwise引出的含蓄条件句，本句中就等于If he had not been very busy yesterday，是对过去情况的假设，所以主句中谓语动词该用would have done 的形式。所以正确答案是：,C,7. My suggestion is that we _ the sports me

6、eting. A. would put off B. should put off C. could put off D. be put off,本句中that引导的表语从句，是说明my suggestion的具体内容，所以从句中谓语动词该用should + V原形的形式，should可以省略。所以正确答案是：,B,8. I would have come earlier, but I _ that you were waiting for me. A. didnt know B. hadnt known C. would have known D. havent known,本句中前半句是用

7、了would have done的虚拟语气，是对过去情况的虚拟；但是but连接的分句，是用来说明过去所发生的事实的，所以句中谓语动词该用一般过去时。所以正确答案是：,A,9. I would have gone there with you but I _ too tired then. A. were B. had been C. was D. have been,本句中前半句是用了would have done的虚拟语气，是对过去情况的虚拟；但是but连接的分句，是用来说明过去所发生的事实的，所以句中谓语动词该用一般过去时。所以正确答案是：,C,10. The teacher agreed

8、 to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given,本句中that引导的同位语从句，是说明the suggestion的具体内容，所以从句中谓语动词该用should + V原形的形式，should可以省略。学生应该是被给时间，所以要用被动语态。所以正确答案是：,C,11. It is strange that she _ so. A. think B. thinks C. will thinkD

9、. thought,Its important/necessary/natural/strange + that 从句这种句型中，that引导的主语从句中谓语动词该用should + V原形的形式，should可以省略。Should表示“应该”或“竟然”的意思。本句意思是：真奇怪她竟然这么想。所以正确答案是：,A,12. Dont come this afternoon. Id rather you _ tomorrow. A. come B. to come C. came D. will come,would rather + that 从句这种句型中，that引导的宾语从句中谓语动词该用

10、虚拟语气：对现在或将来的情况用一般过去时；对过去的情况用过去完成时。所以正确答案是：,C,13. It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. is allowed B. be allowed C. should allow D. will be allowed,本句中that引导的主语从句，是说明order的具体内容，所有说明“命令、建议、要求”具体内容的名词性从句中谓语动词都该用should + V原形的形式，should可以省略。抽烟是不被允许的，所以要用被动语态。所以正确答案是：,B,14. _ the friendship b

11、etween us last forever! A. Could B. Will C. May D. Wish,情态动词may位于句首引导句子，这种虚拟语气的句式表示祝愿。句中谓语动词用动词原形。所以正确答案是：,C,15. John was very busy last week, otherwise he _ to attend the meeting. A. would have come B. would come C. should come D. came,本句是由otherwise引出的含蓄条件句，本句中就等于If John had not been very busy last

12、 week，是对过去情况的假设，所以主句中谓语动词该用would have done的形式。所以正确答案是：,A,1. wish：,虚拟语气其他常考情况：,动词wish后的宾语从句可用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，用were或动词的过去式；与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词或would/could have+过去分词；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should (could, might)+动词原形。例如：I dont know her phone number, but I wish I knew her phone number.I wish I had taken yo

13、ur advice.I wish you would go with us tomorrow,2. Its (about/high) time + (that) ,在该句型中，谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)，或用should + V.原形(should不省略)，指现在或将来的情况，表示“(早)该干某事了”。例如： It is high time that we were off. It is time that somebody taught you to behave yourself. It is about time that we should go to bed.,3. as

14、 if/though：似乎,as if/though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气。从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，had+过去分词；表示可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形。例如： He talks as if he knew all about it. You look as if you had seen a ghost. It looks as though it might rain.,4. If only：,If only后所接句子中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现

15、的愿望，常译为“要是就好了”。例如： If only she had known where to find you. If only I could speak several foreign languages!,二、完形填空,16. A. plan B. fault C. grade D. luck,解析： 短文第一句话I know I should have told the headmaster at the time.表示“我本来应该在那时告诉校长。”因为本来应该做而没有做，所以作者认为这的确是他的过错。所以答案为：,B,解析：for some reason表示“为某种理由，出于某

16、种原因”。course意为“进程，经过，过程，趋势”。example意为“例证，实例；标本，样本”，for example表示“例如”，常用逗号将其与句子分开。vacation意为“假期”，短文中没有提到校长度假的事。所以答案为：,17. A. reason B. course C. example D. vacation,A,解析：look意为“看”，表示看的动作；see意为“看到，看见”，强调看到的结果。本句中looked是谓语动词，后面 to是不定式的符号，此处不定式表示目的，表示在校长不在期间，我想看到他的办公桌上有什么。find意为“找到”。 observe意为“观察（到）；注视”。

17、 catch意为“抓住；接住；赶上” 。所以答案为：,18. A. find B. observe C. catch D. see,D,解析：根据上文所提供的情景in his absence I looked to see what was on his desk.可判断出在他的办公桌的中间有一张字条。 in the middle表示“在他的办公桌的中间”。drawer意为“抽屉”。corner意为“角落”。box意为“盒子，箱子”。所以答案为：,19. A. drawer B. corner C. middle D. box,C,解析：根据所提供的情景English Writing Priz

18、e 1949: History Is a Series of Biographies可判断出在字条上写的话语。所以答案为：,20. A. names B. words C. ideas D. messages,B,解析：honest意为“诚实的；正直的，耿直的；坦率的，坦白的，正派的，公正的”。指言行一致、表里如一，忠诚可靠，强调真实性。handsome意为“(一般指男子外貌)漂亮的，清秀的，俊美的”。friendly意为“友好的”。active意为“活跃的”。根据下文中的exam可判断出字条上写的内容是考试的题目，作为诚实的学生，不应该提前看这张字条。所以答案为：,21. A. honest

19、 B. handsome C. friendly D. active,A,解析：此处应该指上文提到的写着考试题目的字条。所以答案为：,22. A. desk B. paper C. book D. drawer,B,23. A. question B. key C. note D. secret,解析：英语写作大奖赛的题目应该在开始考试前一直处于保密状态。所以答案为：,D,解析：根据上文所提供的情景 I did not.（没有避免看这个题目。）可判断出作者禁不住读了这个题目。所以答案为：,24. A. help B. consider C. practise D. forget,A,25. A

20、. disappeared B. stayed C. returned D. went,解析：此处是要表示当校长回来时，作者正看着窗外。所以答案为：,C,解析：作者本来应该发生了什么事告诉校长，但没有告诉。所以答案为：,26. A. existed B. remained C. happened D. continued,C,27. A. tiring B. easy C. important D. difficult,解析：tiring意为“令人疲劳的”； easy意为“容易”； important意为“重要的”；difficult意为“困难的”。因为说出自己因看了大奖赛的题目而非常抱歉是一

21、件容易的事，所以答案为：,B,解析：作者是看见了校长办公桌上大奖赛的题目。所以答案为：,28. A. saw B. gave C. set D. made,A,29. A. repeat B. defend C. correct D. change,解析：因为作者提前看了英语写作大奖赛的题目，所以他认为校长应该换这个题目。所以答案为：,D,解析：因为作者当时没有把自己看了大奖赛的题目这件事告诉校长，失去了这个机会。 take the chance“把握住机会”。所以答案为：,30. A. take B. have C. lose D. find,A,解析：remember to so sth意

22、为“记着去做某事”；learn to do sth意为“学会做某事”； mean to so sth意为“打算做某事”； pretend to do sth意为“假装做某事”。此处应表示作者并没有打算作弊，所以答案为：,31. A. remember B. learn C. mean D. pretend,C,解析：这件事发生在38年前，当作者15岁时。ago意为“以前，前”， before意为“在之前”。 所以答案为：,32. A. past B. ago C. then D. before,B,33. A. either B. never C. nor D. so,解析：作者既没有把这件事

23、告诉任何人，也没有试图向自己解释为什么当时没有把这件事告诉校长。上文中有neither，所以答案为：,C,解析：作者是没有得到允许就看了放在办公桌上的东西。所以答案为：,34. A. by B. besides C. through D. without,D,35. A. But B. Though C. Otherwise D. Therefore,解析：此处前后两句之间是转折对比关系所以答案为：,A,三、阅读理解,Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes ad

24、dict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes khaki pants and sports shirt to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “Im working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”,36.

25、大卫自嘲以前是服装爱好者，衣服一起皱，他就得换上备穿的服装。,_,_,_,37,More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on F

26、riday (but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.,_,_,39,Why have so many companies started allowing their employees

27、to wear casual clothes? One reason is that its easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people dont want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so its hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.”,Another reason

28、 is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative i

29、mpact on productivity.,_,_,38,Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”,36. David Smith refers to himsel

30、f as having been “a clothes addict,” because he _. A. often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt B. couldnt stand a clean appearance C. wanted his clothes to look neat all the time D. didnt want to spend much money on clothes,37. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _. A. they make him feel

31、at ease when working B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes C. he looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company,38. The following statements are true EXCEPT that _. A. many employees dont like a conservative dress code. B. comfortable clothes make employees more produc

32、tive. C. a casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. D. all the employers in the US are for casual office wear.,39. According to this passage, we can know _. A. company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. B. dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 199

33、0s. C. “dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. D. many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.,40. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT _. A. saving employees money B. making employees more attractive C. improving employees motivation D. making employees happier,四、书面表达,假设你是李华，曾在美国学习半年，现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师Mr. Smith，但没有其联系方式。请根据以下要点给你的美国同学Tom 写一封信：,1. 感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助；,2. 询问Mr, smith 的近况并索要其联系方