初一下英语知识梳理(总复习).ppt

1、期末总复习,初一第二学期,建议,知识与能力并重 阅读完形天天练 听力写作专项练 基础知识分类练,一、语法,1.词法 2.句法,名词 The Noun (缩写为n) 表示人或事物的名称 Basket, mouth, hospital, 冠词 The Article (art) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 a, an, the 代词 The Pronoun (pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词 They, his, him, 形容词 The Adjective (adj) 用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征 Long, empty, heavy, different, cheap, h

2、ungry 数词 The Numeral (num) 表示数量或顺序 Three, thirteen, twenty, second 动词 The Verb (v) 表示动作或状态 Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing 副词 The Adverb (adv) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes 介词 The Preposition (prep) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系 From, with, at, into, behind, between, for 连词 The C

3、onjunction (conj) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句 And, or, but, so, because 感叹词 The Interjection (interj) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感 Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear,词类,名词,Days of the week Months of the year School subjects Special holidays Clothing Seasons Health-related words Occupations music,Inventions and discoveries Da

4、tes and years Vacations Tourist attractions Places of interest Geographical terms Compass points Culture,代词,不定代词,1. other, others, the other, the others, another, the other, any other 2. one, ones, ones 3.,some, any, no, none, many, much few, little, a few, a little, all, both, every, each,不定代词,4. s

5、omethingsomebody / someone anythinganybody / anyone everythingeverybody / everyone nothingnobody / no one,谓语动词用单数！,形容词与不定代词的位置,something easy, hard, important. anything useful, interesting, funny. nothing difficult, cheap, amazing, exciting.,形容词,Adjectives to describe the weather (n.+y) Adjectives t

6、o describe clothes Adjectives to describe appearance and personality Adjectives to describe things,形容词、副词,形容词与副词的转换,在词尾处+ ly,y结尾时,去y + ily,有的e结尾的单词,需去y + ly，有的则直接+ly。,quickquickly 2. easy-easily 3.terrible-terribly 4. true-truly 5.brave-bravely 6. careful-carefully,形容词、副词的使用,形容词,副词,修饰名词,修饰动词、形容词,The

7、y are clever boys. I prefer long hair.,It really sounds nice. They work very hard.,频率副词,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,用How often 对它们进行提问。 他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。,I always have milk for breakfast. I usually have eggs for breakfast. I often have noodles for it. I sometimes have fruits for it. I

8、seldom have rice for it. I never have meat in the morning.,数词,数词,基数词变序数词,百,千,万,的表达,几分之几,用来表达时、分,用来表达年、月、日,与时间相关的介词,for 时间段前,in 某年、某月前,on 具体日子、节日、 生日、星期几前,at 某分，某时前,当“早上、下午、晚上”被修饰时不用 in 而用on.,表示方位的介词： 某物处在某处的东南西北。,north,south,west,northeast,southeast,northwest,southwest,east,The Position,in, to, on 的

9、区别,on,某处在某处之内,某处与某处相接壤,某处在某处之外,in,to,with 的多种用法,do sth. with sb./ sth. a girl with long hair a room with two doors a city with a large population be busy with sth. / be angry with sb. be popular with. be with a style of. talk with sb. help sb. with sth. an action movie with Jackie Chan Whats wrong /

10、 the matter with.?,表示交通方式的常用介词,by bus/car/train/bike/ship/plane/sea/air,on the bus/train on ones bike in ones car,疑问词,动词,行为动词 含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。 及物动词 后面一定接宾语 ,不及物动词 后面可以不接宾语 连系动词（link v） 本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。 Be, become, grow, get, turn, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem 助动词（v.a

11、ux.） 本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式 Do, does, did, am, is, are, 情态动词（Modal Verbs） 本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 Can, may, must, should, need, have to ,1.动词 (谓语),He watches TV every day. He is watching TV now. He watched TV a moment ago.,动词时态,一般现在时 一般现

12、在时常表示： 1.客观事实或普遍真理 2.经常发生，反复进行的动作或状态 3.主语现有的特征 常与下列时间状语连用： 1）often, always, usually, sometimes, never等: It never snows in Australia in December. They usually go to school by bike.,2)once a year, twice a month, every year/week/day, every two days等： He writes to his father twice a month. 3)有时可与表示未来的时间

13、状语连用，表达按规定，计划或安排要发生的情况， 此类状语有：at 11:30, tomorrow, tonight, now等： Where do we go now?,现在进行时 现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语now, this week, these days 等连用。另外，我们还要注意句中的隐含条件（如：look, listen, Its nine oclock等）。如： The student are doing their homework. You are working on a farm these days. Whom are you wait

14、ing for?,有些动词如come, go, leave, begin, stay, start 等的现在进行时可以表示预定的或即将发生的动作，句中常有表示将来的状语: Im leaving on Sunday morning. Jim is coming here this evening.,一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态。用于一般过去时的时间状语有： 1）at that time, at that moment, just now, just then Tom was here just now. 2)yesterday, yesterday morning/aftern

15、oon/evening, last night/week/month/Sunday/January等。 I called you last night, but you werent at home.,3)during the holidays, a few days/weeks/years ago I finished the work a few days ago. 4) when, while, before, after, whenever等。 When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. 5) “in (on或 at)+一个过去的时间”，

16、如 in 1980, on the morning of July 2nd, at 10:00等。如： This story happened in 2003.,动词 (非谓语),He enjoys watching TV. Jim makes me laugh. I wanted to see it again.,+doing,还有介词busy,finish enjoy spend keep prefer practice,make let,+do,+doing,plan order decide want ,+to do,1.Without thinking more, he left h

17、ere. 2.I cant finish writing it in only a few minutes. 3.Everyone is busy getting ready for the final exams. 4.Mother always spends much time doing such foolish things. 5.Jim was good at dancing when he was young. 6.Lets practice speaking English, OK?,系动词 (+形容词的动词),lookturn soundbecome tasteget feel

18、go smellkeep,1) Jims idea sounds nice. 2) Kate looks taller. 3) I feel nervous now. 4) Beijing becomes bigger. 5) The days get long. 6) The cake tastes delicious.,连词,1. and 7. when 2. but 8. before 3. or 9. after 4. so 10. as 5. though 11. if 6. because,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though befor

19、e, after, if, 填空,1. Jim often helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese. 2. _ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it. 3. Mr. Black is over 70 years old, _ he still works 8 hours a day.,Because,and,but,4. Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow. 5. _it is raining hea

20、vily, the farmers are still working in the field. 6. I can help you _ I have time.,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空,Though,before,if,7. _ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while. 8. We must be quick, _ we cant follow them. 9. I didnt finish my homework yest

21、erday, _ I got up very early this morning.,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空,so,or,After,10. _ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game. 11. _ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if,

22、 填空,If,When,句子,简单句,并列句,复合句,陈述句,疑问句,感叹句,祈使句,简单句,并列句,复合句,选择问句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,This is an orange bike. He knows me and I know him. When I was 5, I could swim. Did you live here or there? What did they learn just now? What a heavy rain it is! Does Tom speak French? I dont understand it. Stand （Dont） up.,一般疑问句

23、,否定句,祈使句,句中没有be、can, may , must, would 的变法,句中有be、can, may , must, would 的变法,否定句、一般疑问句的结构,回答:,Can you .? Yes, I can. No, I cant. Is he.? Yes, he is. No, he isnt. Do you .? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does.she ? Yes she does. No, she doesnt. Did they.? Yes, they did. No, they didnt. Would you.? Yes, I woul

24、d. No. I wouldnt. Were they.? Yes, they were. No, they werent. Should you.? Yes, I should. No, I shouldnt.,祈使句,无主语、动词开头， 表请求或命令的句子。,肯定式,否定式,Open the window, please. Be quiet! Let me help you.,Dont open the window. Dont be late. Dont let him go. / Let him not go. No smoking!,二、话题,天气及季节 2.人的相貌及性格 3.健康

25、 4.假期,某人用多长时间做某事： It takes/took sb. + time + to do sth. 2. 提问时间： Whats the time? What time is it? What time is it by your watch?,3.提问日期： Whats the date today? What was the date yesterday? 4. 提问星期几： What day is it today? What day was yesterday?,5.提问某人的生日： When is ones birthday? 6. 提问天气： What is the w

26、eather like today? (How is the weather today?) What was the weather yesterday? (How was the weather yesterday?,7.提问温度： Whats todays temperature? How about the temperature? 8. 提问人的相貌： What does.look like? 9. 提问人的性格： What is . like?,10.询问对方情况： Whats wrong with.sb.? Whats the matter with .sb.? 11. 到该做什

27、么事的时候了。 Its time to do sth. Its time for sth.,12. 提建议用语： Why not do sth.? Why dont you do sth.? What about sth. / doing sth.? Its best to do sth. Youd better do sth. You should do sth.,13.谈论健康问题： 1) 用英文叙述自己的病症 have a fever have a cold have a pain here have a headache have a sore throat have a stomac

28、hache.,2) 就此病症提出合理建议 Take / Have some / this medicine three times a day. Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days. Its nothing serious. Youll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days. Dont be so tired.,三、句型,1. Its time to do sth./Its time for sth. 2. It takes/took sb. some time to

29、 do sth. 3.Whats wrong with .?/ Whats the matter with.? 4. would like /want /decide/ plan to do sth. 5. be late for 6. enjoy/finish/keep/practice doing sth. 7. spend time/money on/(in) doing sth.,四、常用短语,1.wake up 8. fall off 2. wake.sb. up 9. come out 3. tell. about 10. get on/along with. 4. talk to

30、 / with sb. 11. turn on / off 5. invite .to. 12. put on 6. play with 13. take off 7. think about. 14. be always doing. think out 15. add. to think of. 16. know about,17. learn about26. in many ways 18. start with27. in fact 19. give up28. in summer 20. be called / named29. in the sun 21. stop off30.

31、 in ones thirties 22. on the telephone31. in space 23. on the Internet32. in 1990 24. on weekend33. in the 1990s 25. on the earth34. in the night on the moon35. at night,36. at this time of year 46. on the top of 37. at the same time 47. a road to. 38. at the moment 48. to sb. 39. at the end of. 49.

32、 be different 40. from.to. from. 41. for a while 50. be difference 42. for a drink between 43. for days 51. go to sw. for a 44. on the other side of. holiday 45. on ones way to. 52. as usual,53. be interested in. 63. in class 54. be always doing. 64. first of all 55. by bike 65. in the past 56. on K

33、ates bike 66. last year 57. a photo of. 67. from the 1960s 58. a photographer for 68. apart from. 59. not.at all 69. thousands of. 60. get into trouble hundreds of. 61. listen to music 70. for example 62. go to concerts 71. the trip to.,72. too much noise 82. all night 73. much too expensive 83. a l

34、ot of fun 74. save up 84. plan to do 75. go on vacation 85. decide to do 76. take photos 86. want to do 77. stay at a hotel 87. a big meal 78. on the same team 88. keep out 79. need .for. 89. one third 80. do sth. on ones own 90. the time of. 81. make one stop 91. a form of.,93. drive to sw. 103. th

35、e same as 94. the capital of. 104. all the time 95. be full of. 105. all kinds of 96. more than 106. 3 times a day 97. the shape of. 107. take the 98. 10 thousand medicine 99. a northern city of. 100. get a view of . 101. the population of Beijing 102. a population of 13 million,五、易混淆的词、词组,What is .like? What does.look like?,1.,2.,3.,4.,what to do how to do it,in the corner at the corner,wake up w