语言学辅音分类.ppt

1、,2.2.4.1 Classification of English consonants,Definition of consonants: In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Generally speaking,there are 24 consonants in English.But some people say there are 28.That is als

2、o right to some degree.The left 4 are ts,dz,tr,dr.,English consonants can be classified in 2 ways: One is in terms of manner of articulation（发音方法）; The other is in terms of place of articulation（发音部位）.,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,Manner of articulation,Stops,Fricatives,Affricat

3、es,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,Manner of articulation,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a stop or a plosive. p b,t d,k g,

4、Manner of articulation,stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,Manner of articulation,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,When the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage in the mouth so as to cause definite local friction at the point,the speech

5、 sound then is a fricative. fvszh,Manner of articulation,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,Manner of articulation,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,When the obstruction,complete at first,is released slowly with the friction resulting from partial obstrution(as in fric

6、atives),the sounds are affricates. t d,Manner of articulation,Glides,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Manner of articulation,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,When the airflow is obstructed but is allowed to escape through the passage between part or parts of the tongue(the

7、 tip or the sides) and the roof of the mouth,the sounds are called liquids. l r,Manner of articulation,Glides,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Manner of articulation,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,When the nasal passage is opened by lowering the soft palate at the back o

8、f the mouth and the air is allowed to pass through it,the sounds are nasals. m n ,Manner of articulation,Glides,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,Manner of articulation,Stops,Fricatives,Affricates,Liquids,Nasals,Glides,sometimes called “semivowels”,are a rather marginal category. The

9、y are with a narrow passage between the lips or between the tongue and the hard palate to cause some slight noise from the local obstruction. w jare formed in the same manner as the vowelsui.,Bilabial,Dental,Alveolar,Palatal,Labiodental,zzplovezzp,Place of articulation,Bilabial(双唇音）:the upper and th

10、e lower lips are brought together to create obstruction. p b w m,Glottal,Velar,Bilabial,Dental,Alveolar,Palatal,Labiodental,zzplovezzp,Place of articulation,Labiodental(唇齿音）:the lower tip is brought into contact with the upper teeth,thus creating the obstruction. f v,Glottal,Velar,Bilabial,Dental,Al

11、veolar,Palatal,Labiodental,zzplovezzp,Place of articulation,Dental(齿音):the obstruction is created between the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth. ,Glottal,Velar,Bilabial,Dental,Alveolar,Palatal,Labiodental,zzplovezzp,Place of articulation,Alveolar(齿槽音）:the tip of the tongue is brought into contac

12、t the upper teeth-ridge to create the obstruction. t d s z n l r,Glottal,Velar,Bilabial,Dental,Alveolar,Palatal,Labiodental,zzplovezzp,Place of articulation,Palatal(腭音):the obstruction is between the back of the tongue and the hard palate. j t d,Glottal,Velar,Bilabial,Dental,Alveolar,Palatal,Labiodental,zzplovezzp,Place of articulation,Velar(软腭音):the back of the tongue is brought into contact with the velum,or the soft palate. k g ,Glottal,V