Unit 1 Art Grammer（教师版）

1、Book 6 Unit 1，Grammar虚拟语气(一) 英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（一）陈述语气 :用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、 否定、疑问或感叹等形式。 The sun is larger than the earth. Does Tom usually get up very early?二）祈使语气: 用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Wait outside until you are asked . Lets just take a break, shall we ？(3） 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实, 而是一种假设, 愿望, 怀

2、疑或推测。条件句分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a. 真实条件句: 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。b. 虚拟条件句/非真实条件句: 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。真实条件句： 1.If I give the sweet to him, he will feel happy. 2.If it is fine tomorrow, I shall go shopping. If引导的真实条件句的结构： If从句中的谓语动词形式主句的谓语动词形式do/does/am/are/isshall/willdo 一. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用由if引导的虚拟条件句1.Eg

3、:If the God gave (give) me another chance，Iwould tell (tell) the girl three words, “ I love you.” If I had to (have to) set a time limit to our love, it_would be (be)10,000 years! 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句条件从句主句一般过去时（be多were）would/should/could/might动词原形2. Eg:1）If I had not been busy last night,I would have gone

4、 to see the film with you. 2）If he had driven more carefully,he would not have had the car accident yesterday.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/mighthavedone3 .eg:If you got/ were to get/should get(get) a full mark next time, I would hold (hold) a party for you.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)条件从句主句一

5、般过去时（be多用were）shoulddo,weretodowould/should/could/might动词原形总结： if虚拟条件句的结构： 条件从句主句与现在事实相反If 主语 +_（be的过去式用_）_+动词原形 与过去事实相反If 主语 +_+_ 与将来事实可能相反If 主语 +_（be的过去式用_）；_动词原形；_动词原形_+动词原形练习：1）. If I had (have ) enough money, I could buy a new house. 2）. If it should rain tomorrow, Iwould stay ( stay ) at home.

6、3）. If I were to stay at home, I would have ( have ) a good rest.4）. If you came tomorrow, I would go fishing with you.5）. If I had taken money with me yesterday, Iwould have repaired (repair ) my watch.6）. If I had got up (get up ) early, I wouldnt have been late.4.有时虚拟条件句并没来用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语( wit

7、hout,but for,or) 或者连词otherwise,上下文或其它方式来表示。这种句子叫做含蓄条件句.(1).Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. =If there were no air, we would not live even for five minutes. (2).But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. = If it had not been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.

8、(3). Jack cant have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephone me. = Jack cant have arrived yet; if he had arrived, he would have telephone me.1）. Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.2）. I lost your address, otherwise I_ you long before.A. had visited B. have visited C.

9、 would have visited D. should visit没有你的帮助，我们就不会实验成功。Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。But for the rain, we would have finished the work.2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1.wish 引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 (1).对现在情况的虚拟I wish I were as tall as you. I wish every day were my birthday.(2) 表示

10、对过去情况的虚拟I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.(3) 表示对将来情况的虚拟I wish I would meet a handsome boy in the college and fall in love with him. 总结：与现在事实相反过去时（were）与过去事实相反had+过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形1)I wish I hadnt eaten so much yester

11、day.2)I wish I would/could/should/might be rich in the future.3). 我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。I wish I were ten years younger now.4). 我昨天要是遇见他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.5). 我希望成为一名科学家。I wish I would be a scientist.2. would rather等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。 表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式 用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义I

12、 would rather you tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。 I would rather you _ (not tell) me about it yesterday.三if only句型：但愿.;要是.就好了(表示一种强烈的愿望或遗憾).If only I were a flying bird!If only I had known the answers/keys! 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式,be动词要用were. 用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义 If only I _ (be) younger! If only I _(take

13、) your advice.练习：一.单项选择1. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _, too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing B. will be freezing C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly2.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie3. We c

14、ould have gone there by bus. Yes, otherwise we _ late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. couldnt be D. couldnt have been4. If it _for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climbed B. were not. could climbC. had not been, could have climbed D. had not been, could climb5. Yesterday, Ja

15、ne walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she_ something she would regret later.A. had said B. Said C. might say D. might have said6. Id rather he_ here.A. come B. comes C. came D. will come7. If only I _ as young as you are!A. being B. am C. be D. were 参考答案：1A 2C 3D 4C 5.D 6C 7D二用动词的适当形式填空1If

16、I _ (not run)out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper. (hadnt run)2If I _ (be)you，I wouldnt return the call(were)3. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _(have) time, I would go for an outing with you.(had)4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _(visit) more places of interes

17、t yesterday. (would have visited)5.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _(live) there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. (lived)6. But for the help of my English teacher, I _(not win) the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (couldnt /wouldnt ha

18、ve won)7.We would rather our daughter _ (stay)at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. (stayed)8.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ (focus)more on its culture. (focused)9.If only we _(follow) your advice yesterday.(had followed)10.How I wish every family _ (have)a large house with a beautiful garden! (had)11. I wish I _ (know) the truth earlier. (had known)12.If you _(ask) him yesterday, you _ (know)what to do now. (had asked, would have known)三完成句子1. If you _，you wouldnt have failed in the exam. 如果