Unit4 A view of Mountains

1、Unit4,Watch the movie clip and answer the following questions. Questions for discussion,1. Why did Sally Regenhard say that 9/11 was “a shattering of faith”?,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1,Audiovisual supplement,cultural background,She believed in the system, and now that the syst

2、em was shattered by the terrorist activity, so she thought the event is faith-shattering.,3000 people were killed. And the surviving family members had very right to know the truth about the 9/11. So there needed to be an investigation.,2. Why did Carol Ashley think that there must be an investigati

3、on?,What do you know about the 9/11 attacks and what influences have the events exert?,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 2,Audiovisual supplement,cultural background,Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 3,Audiovisual supplement,cultural background,From On Native Soil,Policem

4、an: Policeman: Eunice Hanson: Sally Regenhard: Carol Ashley: Max Cleland:,Move back! Move back! Move it! Go back! I knew we had enemies, naturally, but I always felt pretty safe here. I never, never, in a million years dreamed that anything like this could happen to us. We believed in the system and

5、 you know, 9/11 was a shattering of faith. 3000 people were killed. It was a mass murder. And there needed to be an investigation. The surviving family members, nobody can deny that they had the ultimate claim to the truth about 9/11.,Video Script,Audiovisual supplement,cultural background,Atomic bo

6、mb or A-bomb is a weapon deriving its explosive force from the release of atomic energy through the fission (splitting) of heavy nuclei. The first atomic bomb was produced at a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, and successfully tested on July 16, 1945. This was the culmination of a large U.S. ar

7、my program that was part of the Manhattan Project. It began in 1940, two years after the German scientists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman discovered nuclear fission.,Cultural background 1,Audiovisual supplement,cultural background,Atomic Bomb,Cultural background 2,Audiovisual supplement,cultural back

8、ground,On Aug. 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima with an estimated equivalent explosive force of 12,500 tons of TNT, followed three days later by a second, more powerful, bomb on Nagasaki. Both bombs caused widespread death, injury, and destruction, and there is still considerable deb

9、ate about the need to have used them.,Cultural background 3,Audiovisual supplement,cultural background,Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction powered by atomic, rather than chemical, processes. Nuclear weapons produce large explosions and hazardous radioactive byproducts by means of either

10、nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. After World War II, the proliferation of nuclear weapons became an increasing cause of concern throughout the world. At the end of the 20th century, the vast majority of such weapons were held by the United States and the former Soviet Union; other countries that p

11、ossess known nuclear capabilities are the Great Britain, France, China, Pakistan, and India. Israel also has,Nuclear Weapon,Cultural background 4,Audiovisual supplement,cultural background,nuclear weapons but has not confirmed that fact publicly; North Korea has conducted a nuclear test explosion bu

12、t probably does not have a readily deliverable nuclear weapon; and South Africa formerly had a small arsenal. Over a dozen other countries can, or soon could, make nuclear weapons.,Cultural background 5,Audiovisual supplement,cultural background,On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb attack occurr

13、ed over Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, on August 9, Nagasaki, Japan, was bombed. The bombing of Nagasaki was the last major act of World War II and within days, on August 15, 1945, the Japanese surrendered. In estimating the death toll from the attacks, there are several factors that make it di

14、fficult to arrive at reliable figures: inadequacies in the records given the confusion of the times, the many victims who died months or years after the bombing as a result of radiation exposure, and not least, the pressure to,The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,Cultural background 6,Audiovisual s

15、upplement,cultural background,either exaggerate or minimize the numbers, depending upon political agenda. That said, it is estimated that by December 1945, as many as 140,000 had died in Hiroshima by the bomb and its associated effects. In Nagasaki, roughly 74,000 people died of the bomb and its aft

16、ereffects. In both cities, most of the casualties were civilians. The intentional killing of civilians by the Allies of World War II who claimed that their cause was just raised moral questions about the just course of the war.,Global Reading - general,General analysis,Structural features,Through in

17、troducing Yamahatas pictures, the author aims at bringing to peoples attention what kind of catastrophic consequences nuclear threat may lead to and that the unpredictability of nuclear attack might make any city in the world become the next target. Therefore, the only way to keep this world safe fr

18、om nuclear peril is for people to take action to dispel nuclear weaponry from the earth.,Rhetorical features,Global Reading - structural1,General analysis,Structural features,This argumentative essay describes nuclear destruction through a Japanese photographers pictures. The text comprises three pa

19、rts.,Part I,(Paragraph 1): The writer describes the photographs and how a view of mountains in the background of one picture powerfully captures how thoroughly the city was destroyed by the atomic bomb.,Rhetorical features,Global Reading structural2,Part II,(Paragraphs 2 3): The author argues that t

20、he bombing of Nagasaki is more representative of the nuclear peril threatening the world than that of Hiroshima, because it suggests that nuclear weapons can be used again and threaten everyone, so we need to take action to dispel the nuclear threat from the Earth.,Part III,(Paragraph 4): He restate

21、s his main idea, i.e. we should not just worry about the nuclear peril but take action to eliminate it to create a safer world.,General analysis,Structural features,Rhetorical features,Global Reading - rhetorical 1,In English, information can be organized in various ways. One of the effective ways o

22、f emphasizing some information is to put it after the word but in the “(not) A but B” structure. In the text, the author uses this rhetorical device many times. For instance,The photographs display the fate of a single city, but their meaning is universal . (Paragraph 2) Practice: Pick out some othe

23、r sentences with the same structure and analyze the effect they achieve.,General analysis,Structural features,Rhetorical features,Global reading-rhetorical2,General analysis,Structural features,Rhetorical features,1) The true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappea

24、red. (Paragraph 1) 2) the challenge is not just to apprehend the nuclear peril but to seize a God-given opportunity to dispel it once and for all. (Paragraph 3) 3) one showing not what we would lose through our failure but what we would gain by our success. (Paragraph 3),Apart from the “A but B” sen

25、tence structure, we can also find the “A yet B” type:,And we can find a sentence that organizes information in a similar way without the use of the conjunction “but” or “yet”: 6) Arriving a half-century late, they are still news. (Paragraph 2),Global reading-rhetorical3,4) Nagasaki has always been i

26、n the shadow of Hiroshima . Yet the bombing of Nagasaki is in certain respects the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger that still hangs over us. (Paragraph 2) 5) Yamahatas pictures afford a glimpse of the end of the world. Yet in our day, . (Paragraph 3),General analysis,Structural features,Rhetoric

27、al features,On August 9, 1945, the day the atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Yosuke Yamahata, a photographer serving in the Japanese army, was dispatched to the destroyed city. The hundred or so pictures he took the next day constitute the fullest photographic record of nuclear destruction in exi

28、stence. Hiroshima, destroyed three days earlier, had largely escaped the cameras lens in the first day after the bombing. It was therefore left to Yamahata to record, methodically and, as it happens, with a great and simple artistry the effects on a human population of a nuclear weapon only hours af

29、ter,Jonathan Schell,A VIEW OF MOUNTAINS,Detailed reading1,Detailed reading,1,Detailed reading2,it had been used. Some of Yamahatas pictures show corpses charred in the peculiar way in which a nuclear fireball chars its victims. They have been burned by light technically speaking, by the “thermal pul

30、se” and their bodies are often branded with the patterns of their clothes, whose colors absorb light in different degrees. One photograph shows a horse twisted under the cart it had been pulling. Another shows a heap of something that once had been a human being hanging over a ledge into a ditch. A

31、third shows a girl who has somehow survived unwounded standing in the open mouth of a bomb shelter,Detailed reading,Detailed reading3,and smiling an unearthly smile, shocking us with the sight of ordinary life, which otherwise seems to have been left behind for good in the scenes we are witnessing.

32、Stretching into the distance on all sides are fields of rubble dotted with fires, and, in the background, a view of mountains. We can see the mountains because the city is gone. That absence, even more than wreckage, contains the heart of the matter. The true measure of the event lies not in what re

33、mains but in all that has disappeared.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading4,It took a few seconds for the United States to destroy Nagasaki with the worlds second atomic bomb, but it took fifty years for Yamahatas pictures of the event to make the journey back from Nagasaki to the United States. They

34、were shown for the first time in this country in 1995, at the International Center for Photography in New York. Arriving a half-century late, they are still news. The photographs display the fate of a single city, but their meaning is universal, since, in our age of nuclear arms, what happened to Na

35、gasaki can, in a flash, happen to any city in the world. In the photographs, Nagasaki comes into its own. Nagasaki has always been in the shadow of Hiroshima, as if,Detailed reading,2,Detailed reading5,Detailed reading,the human imagination had stumbled to exhaustion in the wreckage of the first rui

36、ned city without reaching even the outskirts of the second. Yet the bombing of Nagasaki is in certain respects the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger that still hangs over us. It is proof that, having once used nuclear weapons, we can use them again. It introduces the idea of a series the series th

37、at, with tens of thousands of nuclear weapons remaining in existence, continues to threaten everyone. (The unpredictable, open-ended character of the series is suggested by the fact that the second bomb originally was to be dropped on the city of Kokura, which was spared Nagasakis fate only because

38、bad weather,Detailed reading6,Detailed reading,protected it from view.) Each picture therefore seemed not so much an image of something that happened a half-century ago as a window cut into the wall of the photography center showing what soon could easily happen to New York. Wherever the exhibit mig

39、ht travel, moreover, the view of threatened future from these “windows” would be roughly accurate, since, although every intact city is different from every other, all cities that suffer nuclear destruction will look much the same.,Detailed reading7,Detailed reading,Yamahatas pictures afford a glimp

40、se of the end of the world. Yet in our day, when the challenge is not just to apprehend the nuclear peril but to seize a God-given opportunity to dispel it once and for all, we seem to need, in addition, some other picture to counterpoise against ruined Nagasaki one showing not what we would lose th

41、rough our failure but what we would gain by our success. What might that picture be, though? How do you show the opposite of the end of the world? Should it be Nagasaki, intact and alive, before the bomb was dropped or perhaps the spared city of Kokura?,3,Detailed reading8,Detailed reading,Should it

42、 be a child, or a mother and child, or perhaps the Earth itself? None seems adequate, for how can we give a definite form to that which can assume infinite forms, namely, the lives of all human beings, now and in the future? Imagination, faced with either the end of the world or its continuation, mu

43、st remain incomplete. Only action can satisfy.,Detailed reading9,Detailed reading,Once, the arrival in the world of new generations took care of itself. Now, they can come into existence only if, through an act of faith and collective will, we ensure their right to exist. Performing that act is the

44、greatest of the responsibilities of the generations now alive. The gift of time is the gift of life, forever, if we know how to receive it.,4,Why is a view of mountains provided by a picture so significant that it was chosen as the title of the essay?,Detailed reading1-Quesion 1,A view of mountains

45、in the distance rather than the wreckage is meant to remind the viewer of the city that was leveled to the ground by the atomic bomb and of the normal life that would have been going on there. This is where the significance of the picture lies.,Detailed reading,Detailed reading1-Quesion 2,Detailed r

46、eading,Why are Yamahatas pictures still news?,Because it was the first time that Americans had ever seen the pictures since the atomic bombing fifty years ago.,Detailed reading1-Quesion 3,Detailed reading,In what way(s) is the bombing of Nagasaki the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger?,The bombing

47、of Nagasaki is regarded as the fitter symbol of the nuclear peril in two respects. First, it is evidence that nuclear weapons can be used again to destroy human civilization. Second, the fact that Nagasaki had not been the originally chosen target of the nuclear attack shows the unpredictability of

48、possible nuclear attacks in the future. That is, every city in the world is liable to nuclear destruction.,Detailed reading1-Quesion 4,Detailed reading,What is the universal meaning of Yamahatas photos?,They were intended to demonstrate the devastating power of nuclear weapons and express an apprehe

49、nsion of the nuclear peril menacing the world.,Detailed reading1-Quesion 5,Detailed reading,Do Yamahatas pictures fully express the authors intention of writing? Why or why not?,No, it only expresses part of it, because the writer intends not only to express his apprehension of the nuclear threat bu

50、t, more importantly, to call on the people to take actions to banish forever nuclear weaponry from the Earth.,Detailed reading1 Activity 1,Detailed reading,Group discussion Do you find the Internet useful in your life? What advantages does the Internet bring to you? Are there any disadvantages of th

51、e Internet? Share your opinions about the pros and cons of the Internet with your groupmates.,dispatch: v. send sb. / sth. somewhere, especially for a special purpose,Detailed reading1 dispatch,e.g.,Even the air force was mobilized to dispatch relief to the quake-stricken area. The government was pr

52、eparing to dispatch 4,000 soldiers to search the island.,Detailed reading,Colored people constitute a majority of the population in Western Cape.,_ _,Detailed reading1 constitute,Detailed reading,constitute: v. a. linking verb, not in progressive be considered to be sth.,Failing to complete the work

53、 constitutes a breach of the employment contract. Nitrogen constitutes 78% of the earths atmosphere.,e.g.,b. if several people or things constitute sth., they are the parts that form it,We must redefine what constitutes a family. It is up to the teacher to decide what constitutes satisfactory work.,

54、e.g.,Translation:,西海角省（Western Cape）的大部分居民是有色人种。,Detailed reading2 brand1,Detailed reading,brand: v. label or mark with or as if with a brand to describe sb. or sth. as a very bad type of person or thing, often unfairly,They branded the cattle one by one. The US administration recently branded him a

55、s a war criminal.,e.g.,Collocation:,brand sb. as sth. brand sth. with sth. (often in passive),Note:,brand: n. a type of product made by a particular company,Detailed reading2 brand2,Detailed reading,Translation:,我很高兴地告诉您，你们的“永久”牌自行车已成为我方市场上最畅销的商品之一。,I am glad to tell you that your “Forever” bicycle

56、has become one of the best selling brands on our market.,_ _,Detailed reading3 witness1,Detailed reading,witness: v. see, hear, or know by personal presence and perception,e.g.,Only one person witnessed the accident. The Huangpu River has witnessed the development of Shanghai.,Note:,witness: n. a pe

57、rson who sees sth. happen and is able to describe it to other people,Translation:,警方呼吁这个事故的目击者出来作证。,Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident.,_,Detailed reading3 witness2,Detailed reading,e.g.,We were witness to the worst period in the clubs history.,e.g.,Bristols grand buildings bear witn

58、ess to the citys magnificent past.,be witness to sth.: (formal) see sth. happen bear witness to sth.: (formal) show that sth. exists or existed,Collocation:,Detailed reading3 dot,Detailed reading,dot: v. cover or sprinkle with or as if with dots,e.g.,The countryside is dotted with beautiful ancient churches. We have offices dotted all over the region.,Note:,dot: n. a small round mark, especially one that is printed,on the dot: exactly on time or at the exact time mentioned,Collocation:,e.g.,Breakfast is served at 8 on the dot. 8点整开早饭。,Detailed reading4come into