湖南省2012届高考英语二轮复习 第23讲 推理判断题课件

1、第23讲 推理判断题,(2011湖南卷B篇) In September, 1940, my mother, sister and I went to Swansea, where my fathers ship was getting ready to sail, we brought him a family photograph to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe. 61. We can infer that the mother and children went to Swansea _. A. to meet a fr

2、iend B. to see the father off C. to take a family photo D. to enjoy the sailing of the ship,思路点拨：B推理判断题。Swansea定位，讲到父亲会从Swansea起航，我们带给他family photograph的目的是be kept with him和keep him safe，推断出我们是去给父亲送行。,英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意，这就是判断推理题。 推理题在提问中常用的词有： infer, imply,

3、 suggest, indicate等。,通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义。 1. 直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 如： In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 根据上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是 “困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, r

4、efer to, be called, be known as, define, represent等。,细节推断题,要求学生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动。但它并非无章可循。 推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。,例:

5、(2011江苏卷B篇) Your National Park watchdog Attractions Do you： Love the National Park，value it and hope to safeguard its future? Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected? Like to enjoy peaceful，informal recreation within the Park? Aims The Friends organization aims are to help protect

6、and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy.We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.,Activities We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the

7、Park with expert guides. We keep an eye on planning applications，Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes.We work with likeminded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective. We help children to understand t

8、he National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.,Benefits Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public. All members receive our regular News and Views. Talks by experts in their fields on current is

9、sues. A discount is available on Friends items for sale. Satisfaction of participation in work parties, for those willing and able to be involved. If interested，please complete the Application Form at .uk.,60. Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization? A. To build

10、 massive complexes for public amusement. B. To prevent possible damages to the National Park. C. To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy. D. To sponsor publications and projects in local schools.,思路点拨：应用文，以海报形式呈现，内容：关于国家公园的介绍以及征募会员介绍。 60. A推理题。要注意问题是discouraged by， 通过文章第三大标题Activities第

11、二段第一句We keep an eye on planning applicationssuch as massive leisure complexes.可以推断出选A是Friends organization所不支持的，为正确选项。,高考阅读测试中有些是考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定注意： (1)由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，不能主观臆断，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 (2)特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要体会文章的基调，揣摩

12、作者的态度，悟出作者的弦外之音。 (3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。,人物性格、态度及观点判断题,例：(2011江苏卷A篇)We know the famous ones the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)? Shouldnt we kno

13、w who they are? Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”， however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers t

14、o the “why” and “how” questions. According to McLean, “When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”,Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is wal

15、king proof of McLeans statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention，” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to

16、an umbrella producer.,So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was str

17、uggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a builtin device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the

18、inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.,Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgans traffic light. Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgetts

19、innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?,56. By mentioning “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”， the author indicates that countless inventions are _. A. beneficial, because their inventors are famous B. beneficial, though their inventors are

20、 less famous C. not useful, because their inventors are less famous D. not useful, though their inventors are famous,【思路点拨】生活中离不开小发明，鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，推动社会的进步。 56. B观点态度题。根据第一段but 处：but what about the less famous inventors? What about windshield wiper？可以得出结论。这些人的发明不是很有名，确实是非常有用的。答案为B。,有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求

21、考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。摸准逻辑发展的方向，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。,文章思路、结构、写作意图及 写作方法等推测提,有时题目要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图、短文组织结构及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法及文章结构进行归纳总结和分

22、析的能力。,例：(2011四川卷D篇)“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher. ” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of orga

23、nizational decision making. For years March (possibly the wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.,He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential le

24、arning: “Experience is respected; experience is sought; experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications(复杂化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.,In one interesting part of

25、the book，for example，he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确的)reality is presented，the less understand

26、able the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is. ”,Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding: Dont pick

27、it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.,55What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Experience makes stories more accurate. BStories made interesting fail to fully present the truth. CThe use of stories is the best way of

28、experiential learning. DStories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described. 56Whats the purpose of this text? ATo introduce a book. BTo describe a researcher. CTo explain experiential learning. DTo discuss organizational decision making.,【思路点拨】本文主要介绍了组织决策理论大师詹姆斯马奇的一部新书。 55. B

29、推理判断题。根据第三段中的In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lost part of the complicated truth of things. 可知有趣的故事无法完全地展现事实，故B项正确。 56. A作者意图题。文章主要介绍了詹姆斯马奇的一部新书，故选A。,有时，阅读理解题还要求考生推断所读材料的来源或所读材料的读者对象。判断材料的来源主要根据文章的体裁和题材。一般来说，广告类，时事新闻类，娱乐新闻类，影评，应用文类通常出现在报纸、杂志、海报上。说明文通常出现在教科书或实用技术手册里面。判断读者对象主要

30、通过寻找关键的信息词。,来源、读者对象推测题,例：(2011四川卷B篇) Exploit your parking space An unused parking space or garage can make money. If you live near a city center or an airport, you could make anything up to 200 or 300 a week. Put an advertisement(广告)for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark. Rent(出租)a room Spare room? No

31、t only will a lodger(房客)earn you an income, but also, thanks to the governmentbacked “rent a room” program, you wont have to pay any tax on the first 4500 you make per year. Try advertising your room on Roomspare of Roommateeasy.,Make money during special events Dont want a fulltime lodger? Then rent on a shortterm basis. If you live in the capital, renting a room out during the Olympics or other big events could brin