Translation2.ppt

1、Translation,In modern society, translation plays an very important role in cross-cultural communication.,Contents,Back to school,Definition of Translation,Criteria of Translation,Process of Translation,Back to school,The Definition of Translation,Generally speaking: Translation means rendering one l

2、anguage into another,汉字,English,Back to school,In terms of language,From native languages into foreign languages and vice versa,In terms of modes,Oral interpretation Writter translation Machine translation,In terms of materials,Translation of scientific materials Translation of literary works Transl

3、ation of political essays Translation of practical writings,In terms of verbal signs,Intralingual translation ( within the same language) Intersemiotic translation (between verbal and non-verbal sign systems) Interlingual translation (between languages),Back to school,The Criteria of Translation,We

4、often discuss the criteria of translation from these two aspects,content,form,Back to school,The most influential maybe a little controversial criteria of translation in China is YanFus “ three-character guide”,信,达,雅,faithfulness,expressiveness,elegance,Its a advancing process,We mention two of crit

5、eria of translation put forward by foreigners,Back to school,Tylters trinity principle of translation,Criteria of Translation,Process of Translation,A translation should first give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.,The style and manner of writing should be of the same characte

6、r as that of the original.,A translation should have all the ease of original composition.,Tylters theory is ideal or unrealistic. Because of the translation cant be completely as same as the original.,Back to school,Criteria of Translation,Process of Translation,Nidas Functional equivalence,As the

7、translated work cannot achieve the same effect as the original, our translation shall give the essentially means that can be get from the original book to the readers. So the translations content and form wont be identify as the original one.,Despite the variety of opinions, at this time we should d

8、o our best to get the target of the faithfulness and expressiveness.,Back to school,Process of Translation,Accurate comprehension,Adequate representation,Complete correction,Back to school,At first we should know the main means of the original. Whats the author want to say, whats the writer hope us

9、understand, what spirit the author tell us. Only with the detailed comprehension we can translate well.,You cant translate word-for-word. You should not only express the main means, but also use your knowledge to complement the inadequate that create by the difference of language and culture, even you can mix something your own into it.,Correction is employed to check mistake, ensure adequate representation and avoid overtranslatio