subject verb concord.ppt

1、Subject-verb concord主谓一致,指导原则,语法一致（Grammatical Concord） Two girls were standing on the corner. 意义一致(Notional Concord) The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. 就近原则(Principle of Proximity)：eitheror，except, neithernor Either my brothers or my father is coming.,以-s/-ics结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题

2、,疾病：diabetes(糖尿病) rickets(软骨病) 游戏：darts(投镖游戏) cards(扑克) 学科：Physics(物理学) 地理：the Netherlands(荷兰) 其他：fireworks ,wages ,thanks Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. Athletics is a required course for students of all grades. One pair of scissors are black and white.,以集体名词(Collective Noun)作主语的主谓一致问题,作复数的

3、集体名词：police ,people ,wemin(害虫) Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of . 作不可数的集体名词：foliage（叶子）, machinery, merchandise All the machinery in the factory is made in China.,可单可复：audience, crew, public That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit. That group of soldiers have the best

4、ratings of individual performance. A committee of /a panel of / a（the） board of +复数名词，用单数 A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.,以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题,由and/both.and连接的并列主语 由and/both.and连接的并列结构作主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；如果作主语的并列结构不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数意义，则动词用单数。 The fishing and the hunt

5、ing in Arizona were good that year. 由or/nor/either.or等连接的并列主语 由or，nor，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。 Either my father or my brothers are coming.,主语+as much as等 当主语后面跟有由as much as，rather than，more than，no less than等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。 Some of the worke

6、rs as much as the manager were responsible for the loss. 主语+as well as等 当主语后面跟有由as well as，in addition to，with ，along with，together with，expect等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。 The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.,以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题,以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 如果数量概念被看作一个整体，动词用单数；如果被看作组成

7、该数量的一个个的个体，则动词用复数。 There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings. 如果做主语的名词词组是由“分数（或百分数）+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。 Thirty-five per cent of the doctors were women. 两数相减或相除，动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，动词可用单数也可用复数 Forty minus fifteen leaves twenty-five. 如果主语由“one in/one out of+复数名词”构成，动词用单数 One in ten stu

8、dents has failed the exam.,以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语 如果主语是all of.，some of.，none of.，half of.，most of.等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。 Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player. 如果主语是由“lots of，heaps of，loads of，scads of，plenty of+名词”构成，动词依据of-后面名词决定 Lots of food is going to waste. 如果主语是由“a portion

9、of，a series of，a pile of，a panel of+名词”构成，不管名次类别为何，动词通常用单数。 A substantial portion of the reports is missing. 如果主语是由“many a+名词”或“more than one+名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。 Many a man has done his duty.,其他方面的主谓一致问题,以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题 由what，who，why，how，whether等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。两个由and连接的

10、并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。 What caused the accident is a complete mystery. What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us. 以非限定分句作主语的主谓一致问题 以非限定分句（主要是不定时分句和-ing分词分句）作主语，随后的动词通常用单数；以两个由and连接的并列非限定分句作主语，如果指的是两件事，动词用复数；如果指的是一件事，动词用单数。 To eat well is all he asks. Readin

11、g Ibsen and solving a quadratic equation are entirely different assignments.,关系分句中的主谓一致问题 在“one of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。如果在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only等限定词和强调词时，关系分句动词形式依one而定，用单数。 Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. Selfishness is the one of her many f

12、aults which defeats itself. 分裂句中的主谓一致问题 在“It is I+who-分句”中，who-分句动词现在时在人称和数的形式上应与I保持一致。 It is I who am to blame. 存在句中的主谓一致问题 实义主语为复数，动词用复数；实义主语不是复数，动词用单数。 There are three routes you can take.,1.Some person are calling for you at the gate. some person指某人是第三人称单数。 2.The remains of the meal is fed to th

13、e dogs. Remains指剩余物时，谓语动词用单复数都可以 3.What I say and think is no business of yours. 有一些带连词and的省略结构形似单数，而意义复数，随后的动词用 复数。 4.My family is busy in getting ready for Spring Festival. Family作集体名词，强调成员，看作复数 5.Athletics has been greatly promoted at this college. Athletics表示体育运动，用复数,is,are,are,have,1The police

14、_ the black in winter. A. wears B. put on C. wear D. puts on 一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式 2. Twenty miles _ a long way to cover. A. is B. seem to be C. are D. were 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作主语，作为一个单一的概念，谓语动词用单数 3. The United Nations _ in 1945. A. was found B. was founded C. were founde

15、d D. were found The United Nations是国家名，尽管带有S,但系单一政治实体 4. Politics _ one of the subjects that I study. A. are B. is C. were D. was Politics表示政治学，用作单数 5. Serving the people _ my great happiness. A. was B. will be C. are D. is 不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,C,A,B,B,D,6. Each of us _ something to say.

16、Ahave B. has C. had D. are having each of + 复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each，谓语动词用复数 7. More than one person here _ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected C. has been infecting D. have been infecting 由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数 8. To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for

17、 your health. A. is B. are C. was D. were 由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。 9. Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet _ covered by water. A. was B .were C. is D . are 百分数（或分数）+of+可数名词单数（或不可数名词）谓语动词用单数；百分数（或分数）+of+复数名词，谓语动词用复数。,B,A,A,C,1. What they need (is/are

18、) more people 名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数， 但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what we need指复数内容。 2. The number of students that you have met（ is /are）the life of the team. the number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。a number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。 3. The sick (have been/has been) cured and the lost (have been/has been) found. “the+形容词（或分词）”指一类人，如：the rich（富人），the living（活着的人）作主语时，谓语动词用复数 4.Keves is the only one of the players who(have/has)learned a