2-园艺科学-Classification.ppt

1、Horticultural Science,YAO QingO),BILINGUAL COURSE,Contents,Introduction to Horticulture (2h) Classification of Horticultural Crops (4h) Anatomy of Horticultural Crops (6h) Growth Environment of Horticultural Crops (6h) Plant Physiology of Horticultural Crops (4h) Propagation of Horticu

2、ltural Crops (2h) Mineral Nutrients and Fertilization of Horticultural Crops (4h) Organic Horticultural Practice (4h),Review,Useful internet links,American Horticultural Societies / American Horticultural Therapy Association / Examples of botanical gardens http:/ww

3、/ .uk/ General information on various aspects of horticulture / and others ,There are some applied plant sciences in relation with Horticulture. Give me two examples. What are the two main goals of Horticulture? Tell me the four divisions of Horticul

4、ture. “pomology” means what? “olericulture” means what?,QUESTIONS,Chapter 2,Classification of Horticultural Crops,Classification of Horticultural Crops,GLOSSARY,A variety of horticultural crops,Fruits,Vegetables,Ornamental plants,Taxonomy The science of identifying, naming, and classifying plants.,B

5、inomial nomenclature A system of naming plants whereby a plant is given a two-part name representing the genus and species.,The highest taxonomic category.,A class, kind, or group marked by common characteristics or by one common characteristic.,A category of biological classification ranking immedi

6、ately below the genus or subgenus.,A category of taxonomic classification ranking above the family and below the class.,A group of related plants or animals forming a category ranking above a genus and below an order and usually comprising several to many genera.,Binomial system of nomenclature: GEN

7、US + SPECIES,Magnoliophyta木兰门，亦即Angiospermae被子植物门,Tips Classes often end in opsida Subclasses often end in ae Orders often end in ales Family often end in -aceae,High-order taxa are not routinely encountered, while the binomial names (genus + species) are the most frequently encountered. When you wa

8、lk through a botanical garden, or even a college campus, you may find that some plants in the landscape are labeled with the correct binomial name or scientific name, as well as the common name. The family name is quite frequently indicated.,Rules in classification The binary name must be underlined

9、 or written in italics. The genus name starts with an uppercase letter, and the species name is written in lowercase. An initial L. may follow the species, indicating that Linnaeus first named the plant. The genus may be abbreviated. Taking for example, please refer to a scientific paper.,Variety An

10、y of various groups of plants or animals ranking below a species.,Species is the lowest and least-inclusive taxon. Sometimes, a variant of the species can occur, which is significantly different from the general species originally described. These variant may occur either naturally (variety) or by h

11、uman creation (cultivar).,Cultivar Derived from the words cultivated and variety, often designating a product of plant breeding.,The variety names should follow the binary name in italics The cultivar names are not underlined or italicized,Brocolli Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis,Litchi Litchi chin

12、ensis cv. Nuonici,Questions 1. How to name a plant? 2. What is the difference between “variety” and “cultivar”? 3. The species name of a plant should not be underlined or italized. True or False,Other classification systems,Seasonal growth cycle,From a gardeners perspective, a plants status as annua

13、l, biennial, or perennial often varies based on location or purpose. Biennials grown for flowers, fruits, or seeds need to be grown for two years. Biennials that are grown for edible leaves or roots are grown as annuals. If a normally biennial plant is grown in extremely harsh conditions, it is like

14、ly to be treated as an annual because it will not survive the winter cold. Conversely, an annual grown under extremely favorable conditions may have highly successful seed propagation, giving it the appearance of being biennial or perennial. Some short-lived perennials may appear to be biennial rath

15、er than perennial. True biennials flower only once, while many perennials will flower every year once mature.,Annual: A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season or one year.,Biennial: A plant that completes its life cycle in two cropping seasons, the first involving vegetable growth

16、 and the second flowering and death.,Perennial: A plant that grows year after year without replanting.,Perennials may be herbaceous or woody. Woody perennials may be categorized into two types: evergreen and deciduous.,Monocarp: A plant that lives for many years but flowers only once in a lifetime a

17、nd then dies, new plants arising on the roots of the old plant.,Kinds of stems,Herb: A plant with soft, non-woody stems.,Shrub: A plant with woody stems, but no main trunk.,Tree: A large plant characterized by one main woody trunk.,Common stem growth forms,Erect: A stem is erect if it stands upright

18、 (stands at a 90o angle to the ground level), without artificial support.,Creeping (or repent): A plant crawls on the ground producing adventitious roots as specific points on the stem.,Decumbent: A stem is extremely inclined, with the tips raised.,Climbing: A stem will creep on the ground, without

19、additional support.,Decumbent: Stems or branches reclining or lying on the surface of the ground, but with the tip erect or ascending. Procumbent: Lying flat, said of a stem growing horizontally on the surface of the ground,Ground ivy,欧亚活血丹,Classification of Horticultural Crops,Fruits,vegetables,Lif

20、e cycle Annual: complete their life cycle in one year, or be cultivated in one year. Biennial: complete their life cycle in two year, but normally be cultivated in one year. Perennial: complete their life cycle in many year.,Edible or economic parts Pods: legumes harvested prematurely , cooked, and

21、eaten with the seeds inside. Roots: The roots are dug and eaten baked, boiled, or fried. Sometimes primary plant parts (stem, root, and leaf) may become modified as storage organs for food. Bulbs: modified stems and leaves. The stem is highly compressed to form what is called a basal plate, while th

22、e leaves are storage organs. Tubers: modified roots (swollen stems). Greens: vegetable crops whose leaves are usually picked at tender stages to be used for food.,Adaptation Cool season: Require monthly temperatures of 15-18oC. Warm season: Prefer monthly temperatures of 18-27oC.,Botanical features

23、Vines: Plants with stems that need physical support. Solanaceous plants: Plants belong to the family Solanaceae. Cole crops: Plants belong to the Brassica family.,甘蓝类蔬菜(cole crops) 十字花科(Cruciferae)芸薹属(Brassica)一二年生草本植物。,Ornamental plants,Herbaceous,Woody,Growth cycle: Annual, Biennial, Perennials:,Other operational classifications: Bedding plants, Hanging plants, Houseplants,Shrubs: Deciduous, Evergreen (narrowleaf, b