英国历史与文化 英文版PPT.ppt

1、An Introduction to British History and Culture,To give you an overview of English history and culture To enhance English learning through English history and culture To provide cultural and historical context for understanding English literature,The Aim of the Course,English History,Prehistoric Engl

2、and Roman Britain (43-410) The Anglo-Saxons and Vikings (450-1066) Normans and Plantagenets (1066-1272) Lancaster and York (1272-1485) The Tudors (1485-1603) The Stuarts (1603-1714) Order and Disorder (1714-1837) Victoria and Empire (1837-1910) Peace and War (1910-1945) Contemporary Britain (1945- )

3、,British Culture,Religion in Britain Traits of British People Family and Personal Relationships Social Welfare Leisure and Entertainment Cities and Places of Interest,Course Evaluation,20% presentation (group work) 20% essay (independent work) 60% final exam,Course email box: Secret Code: bhac0909,C

4、hapter 1 Early England,Geography Old Stone Age (Paleolithic), 70,0008000 BC Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic), 83003500 BC New Stone Age (Neolithic), 35002500 BC Bronze Age, 2500700 BC Iron Age, 700100 BC The Dawning of English History 150 BC50,Great Britain England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland Th

5、e Union of England and Wales formalised by two Acts of Parliament in 1536 and 1543 The Union of England and Scotland 1707, political unification, Queen Anne,1.1 Geography,Britain, Great Britain, United Kindom Official title United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Geographical term Briti

6、sh Isles including Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, all the offshore islands, most notably the Isle of Man, which has its own parliament and law,1.1 Geography: Some Terminology,isolated from Europe by the English Channel and the North Sea once perceived as being on the edge of the world The seas

7、 around Britain also acted as barriers against attempted invasions: The Armada, 1588; the French, 1805, Nazi Germany, 1940,1.1 Geography: Geography and History,Generally mild and temperate weather allows farming to flourish across the country North: less fertile land, wetter South: fertile land, dri

8、er,1.1 Geography: Weather,Hunters and gatherers Old Stone Age (Paleolithic), 70,0008000 BC Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic), 83003500 BC New Stone Age (Neolithic), 35002500 BC,1.2 Early Settlers,New Stone Age (Neolithic), 35002500 BC Megalithic monuments Stonehenge 史前巨石阵 a monumental circular setting o

9、f large standing stones surrounded by an earthwork in South England, in Wiltshire on Salisbury Plain probably was constructed as a place of worship of some kind northeast axis aligned with the sunrise at the summer solstice (夏至),1.2 Early Settlers,Stonehenge,In Search of History 00:20 01:38,The Beak

10、er Folk (Bronze Age, 2500700 BC) The Celts (Iron Age, 700100 BC) from north-western Europe, ancestors of the highland Scots, the Irish and Welsh Gaelic 盖尔语 : language of Celtic origin,1.2 Early Settlers,Chapter 2 Roman Britain,Roman Invasion (55BC-410AD),British recorded history begins with Roman in

11、vasion. first landing in 55 B.C. led by Julius Caesar complete control over the land in 43 A.D. leaving in around 410 A.D.,What is the meaning of B.C. and A.D.?,BC stands for before Christ AD stands for the Latin phrase “anno domini” means in the year of our Lord The purpose of the BC / AD dating sy

12、stem to make the birth of Jesus Christ the dividing point of world history,Gaius Julius Caesar (July 13, 100 BC March 15, 44 BC) a Roman military and political leader played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire,Roman Invasion (55 BC - 410 AD),First landin

13、g in 55 B.C. led by Julius Caesar Reasons the lure of treasures to punish the Celts because of the help they rendered their fellow tribesmen in Gaul Results failed because of weather withdraw with hostages and prisoners,Roman Invasion (55 BC - 410 AD),2. Complete control over the land in 43 A.D. Lea

14、der headed by the Emperor Claudius Reasons came as imperialists to exploit and govern by right of being the superior,Roman Invasion (55BC-410 AD),3. Leaving in around 410 A.D. The Roman Empire disintegrated in 476 A.D. left behind a well established Celtic-Roman culture,Roman Soldiers,Resistance to

15、Roman Occupation,For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, but it was never a total occupation. Roman troops often withdrew. Resistance: the Picts Two great walls to keep the Picts: Hadrians Wall Antonine Wall,Roman Influence: The Romanisation of Britannia,Roman laws, taxes, engin

16、eering skills Architecture Roman social system The Latin Language System of writing and numbering Introduced a system of organized government in towns Brought the new religion Christianity to Britain,Roman Influence: The Romanisation of Britannia,Roman towns: London, York, Bath baths, temples, amphi

17、theatres 竞技场, Roman aqueducts 高架渠 Roman roads: more than 5000 roads, a network of roads to connect large towns,Roman civilization was based on city life in hundreds of walled town linked by military roads.,Roman town: Bath,Bath Abbey,Roman amphitheatre,Roman aqueduct,Roman Road,The Impact of Christi

18、anity,The Celts Religion Druidism religious leadersDruids A lot of gods existed. Polytheism (多神论) Animals, rivers, and lakes were also treated as gods. The Druids believed in afterlife and that when a person died, the soul went from one world to another. human sacrifice,Celtic gods and goddesses,Roman Britain Constantin