中考定语从句讲义

1、星概念教育辅导讲义学员姓名： 年 级：初二升初三 第 课时 辅导科目：英语 教师： 课 题 定语从句授课时间：08月 日上午07：4009：45备课时间： 7月8日教学内容一、考点聚焦 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、t

2、hose等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关

3、系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 数词几种词修饰或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his

4、 bus.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、

5、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the r

6、iver.10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：区别such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.the same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that yo

7、u used just now.（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen 指时间 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指

8、地点 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I dont like the way that / in which / he talks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调it无意义，that / who不是引导

9、词。强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)We expressed to

10、them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the matc

11、h.（句中students为先行词）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ? He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.二、精典名题导解选择填空1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I w

12、as taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）A.until B.that C.when D.where解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。2. _ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET

13、2001)A.It B.As C.That D.What解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)A.which B.where C

14、.that D.when解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。4.The English play my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which解析：答案为C。考定语从句。主句部分应是The E

15、nglish play at the New Years party was a great success.从句补全为独立句子应是my students acted in the play。所以应选in which，其余介词不妥。5.There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that解析：答案为A。本题考地点状语从句，用where引导。句意是“她的裤子上她擦过手的地方有脏痕”。此处不能用时间状语从句，排除C，本题易被误认为考定语从句，意为“在她擦过手的

16、裤子上有脏痕”。定语从句修饰trousers，也只能用where。B和D可引导定语从句，但只作主、宾等成分。定语从句缺少状语，不缺主语、宾语，故不可用。6.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which解析：答案为A。本题考定语从句，关系代词which指代the journey，定语从句恢复为独立句子应是：The sailing time of the

17、 journey was 226 days,故选of which。英语学案之定语从句中考真题练习一、选择题1.(2010 .河北中考) There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose【解析】选B2.（2010.自贡中考）Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything .A.whoB.whomC.whose【解析】选A3.（2010南京中考）I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for

18、his holiday. -Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_?A.leftB.was leavingC.has leftD.had left【解析】选A4.(2010.衢州中考)We are trying to help those children _ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. A. whichB. when C. whoD. whose【解析】选C5.(2010.长沙中考)Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom?A.whoB.wh

19、ichC.when【解析】选A6.（2010通化中考）Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who【解析】选D7.（2010扬州中考）The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. -Yes.They are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake.A.which B.whatC./D.who【解析】选D8.（2010成都中考）Have you found the answ

20、er to the question _I asked you this morning?A.whenB.whatC.that【解析】选C9.（2010河南中考）Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeedA which B what C whom D who【解析】选D10.（2010十堰中考）I began to work in Shanghai in the year _HongKong was returned to China.A.thatB.

21、whichC.whereD.when【解析】选D11. (2009河北中考) Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need.A. what B. who C. whom D. which 【解析】选D。考查which引导的定语从句。由表示物的先行词the coat可选出正确答案为D。12. (2009山东中考) This is the novel _ is written by Guo Jingming.A. who B. what C. that D. /【解析】选C。考查关系代词that引导的定语从句。由表示物的先行词the novel可排除A、B二项；另

22、因为关系代词在从句中做主语，所以不能省略，故舍D选C。13. (2009通化中考) Jim dislikes people _ talk much but never do anything.A. whom B. whenC. whose D. who【解析】选D。考查关系代词who引导的定语从句。先行词people指人，故正确答案为D。14. (2009德州中考) The girl _ is sitting under the big tree is Lynns cousin.A. whoB. whomC. whose D. which【解析】选A。考查关系代词who引导的定语从句。由表示人

23、的先行词The girl可先排除D；另由于该空在句中做主语，故舍B、C二项，选A。15. (2009河南中考) Its time to say goodbye to my school. Ill always remember the people _ have helped me.A. who B. what C. which D. where【解析】选A。考查关系代词who引导的定语从句。由表示人的先行词the people可排除B、C、D三项，故选A。16. (2009绍兴中考) The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a diseas

24、e _ has caused many deaths.A. who B. which C. whom D. what【解析】选B。考查关系代词which引导的定语从句。由表示物的先行词a disease可知要用关系代词which，故排除A、C、D三项，选B。17. (2009绵阳中考) Disney is an amusement park _ you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters.A. which B. where C. that D. when【解析】选B。考查where引导的定语从

25、句。由表示地点的先行词an amusement park可排除A、C、D三项，故选B。18. (2009东营中考) The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new math teacher.A. what B. whose C. who D. which【解析】选C。考查关系代词who引导的定语从句。由指人的先行词The young lady可排除A、B、D三项，故选C。19. (2009孝感中考) The skirt _ is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it. A. what B. /

26、 C. that D. it 【解析】选C。考查关系代词that引导的定语从句。先行词skirt指物，故正确答案为C。20. (2009兰州中考) I like the teacher _ classes are very interesting and creative.A. which B. who C. what D. whose【解析】选D。考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句。结合题意“我很喜欢那个老师，他的课非常有趣，非常有创意”可知关系代词在句中作classes的定语，故排除A、B、C三项，选D。21. (2008厦门中考) Jack, there is someone in t

27、he office _ would like to speak with you. A. who B. which C. whom 【解析】选A。考查who引导的定语从句。由指人的先行词someone知答案选A。22. (2008河南中考) Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what【解析】选B。考查which引导的定语从句。由指物的先行词Shaolin Temple可选B。23. (20

28、08陕西中考) We should give love to the children _ lost their parents in the earthquake (地震).A. who B. whom C. those D. which 【解析】选A。考查who引导的定语从句。由指人的先行词the children可选A。24. (2008哈尔滨中考) -The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it?-Yes, it has built many schools _ those children can study h

29、appily.A. where B. when C. which【解析】选A。考查where引导的定语从句。由指地点的先行词schools可直接选A。25. (2008咸宁中考) -There are many volunteers _ are helping the children in Sichuan.-And most of them are college students.A. which B. when C. whose D. who【解析】选D。考查who引导的定语从句。由题中表示人的先行词volunteers可排除A、B、C三项，所以选D。26. (2008长沙中考) -Wh

30、at are you looking for? -I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose 【解析】选B。考查which引导的定语从句。先行词the book指物，故答案是B。27. (2008恩施中考) We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young.A. whose B. that C. who D. which【解析】选A。考查whose引导的定语从句。由表示人的先行词Jackie Chan可先排除D；另结合题意

31、“我们都知道成龙，他的电影非常受年轻人欢迎”可知填作定语的关系代词，故排除B、C二项，选A。28. (2008衡阳中考) Is this university_ your elder brother will choose this year?A. the one B. that C. where 【解析】选A29. (2008梧州中考) -Do you know the boy _ is standing under the tree? -Yes. Hes Peter. Hes new in our class. A. where B. what C. who D. whose【解析】选C。

32、考查who引导的定语从句。由指人的先行词man可直接选C。定语从句专练单项选择. 从题后所给四个选项中选择最佳答案填入空白处。1.Mr. Li is an English teacher _ loved playing soccer.A. whoB. whomC. heD. which2. We called the man _ had promised to help us.A. he B. thatC. whomD. which3. The coat _ he is wearing today was bought by his aunt.A. whatB. whereC. who D.

33、that4. The place _ he works is in the factory.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. in where5. Thats the most beautiful place _ I have ever _.A. where; visitedB. that; visitC. where; visitD. that; visited6. I dont know the boy _.A. whom you often talkB. you often talk withC. with who you often talkD. that yo

34、u often talk7. Look! The boy _ name is Simon is playing soccer with his friends.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom8. All _ they have done is good for us.A. whatB. whichC. whyD. that9. I want to go to some places _ its cool in summer.A. thoseB. whichC. whereD. this10. Saturday is the day _ people can have

35、 a rest.A. thatB. at whichC. on whichD. on that11. She is new here, there are no friends _ she can _ turn for help in the city.A. whomB. to whomC. whichD. to which12. He is one of the boys _ basketball well.A. whom playB. whom playsC. who playD. who plays13. The fence in our garden, _ my father buil

36、t many years ago, has lasted for a long time.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. where14. Ill remember the time _ we spent together in the country.A. thatB. whenC. during whichD. at which15. I dont believe the reason _ he has given for his being late.A. whyB. thatC. howD. what16. There are two caps on the table, _ belongs to Tom.A. the smaller of whichB. the small of whichC. the smaller of themD. the small one17. My brother had become a doctor, _ was what he wanted to be.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which18. There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.A.