人体解剖学alimentary system 2.ppt

1、The Alimentary System,Yunyang Medical College 余 明 华,Composition,Digestive tube 消化管,Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine,Duodenum,Jejunum,Ileum,Digestive glands 消化腺,Superior digestive tube,Inferior digestive tube,Major salivary glands Liver Pancreas,The Stomach 胃,Shape Two

2、surface: anterior and posterior Two curvatures Lesser curvature 胃小弯 : near its lower part is angular incisure 角切迹 Greater curvature 胃大弯: long, convex and directed to the left and downward Two openings Cardia 贲门 Pylorus 幽门,Four parts Cardiac part 贲门部 Fundus of stomach 胃底 Body of stomach 胃体 Pyloric pa

3、rt 幽门部 Pyloric antrum 幽门窦 Pyloric canal 幽门管,Position Mainly parts is situated in the left hypochondriac region, small in the epigastric region; the cardia is situated to the left of T11, the pylorus lies to the right of L1,The Small Intestine小肠,About 5-7m long, Divided into Duodenum Jejunum Ilium,Du

4、odenum,Jejunum,Ilium,Duodenum,Four parts Superior part Duodenal cap Descending part Major duodenal papilla Horizontal part Ascending part duodenojejunal flexure 十二指肠空肠曲 Suspensory muscle of duodenum十二指肠悬肌 (ligament of Treitz),Jejunum and ileum,Large Intestine,Approximately 1.5m long, Five parts: Cec

5、um 盲肠 Vermiform appendix 阑尾 Colon 结肠 Rectum 直肠 Anal canal 肛管,Large Intestine 大肠,Features Colic bands 结肠带 Haustra of colon 结肠袋 Epiploic appendices 肠脂垂,Cecum 盲肠,Blind sac, first part of large intestine, with largest diameter and thinnest wall Lies in right iliac fossa The ilium enters the cecum obliqu

6、ely, and partially invaginates into it, forming the ileocecal valveconsists of two folds, probably delays flow of ileal contents into large intestine,Vermiform appendix 阑尾,Blind worm-like tube Opens into posteromedial aspect of cecum，about 2 cm below ileoceal orifice The base of the appendix lies at

7、 the point of convergence of three colic bands (used as a guide to find the appendix during operation),Surface marking of the base is at the so-called McBurneys point which is at junction of lateral and middle thirds of line joining right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus,variable in posit

8、ion,Triangular mesentery,Colon 结肠,Ascending colon right colic flexure Transverse colon left colic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon,Rectum 直肠,Curves Sagittal plane Sacral flexure Perineal flexure Coronal plane Lower part of rectum dilated to form ampulla of rectum 直肠壶腹 Three transverse folds of

9、 rectum 直肠横襞,Anal canal 肛管,Anal columns 肛柱 Anal valves 肛瓣 Anal sinuses 肛窦 Dentate line齿状线 Above line, of endodermal origin Below line, of ectodermal origin Anal pecten 肛梳 White line 白线(Hiltons line) Anus 肛门 Anal sphincters 肛门括约肌 Sphincter ani internus肛门内括约肌 Sphincter ani externus 肛门外括约肌,The Liver 肝,

10、Shape Two surfaces Diaphragmatic surface膈面 Convex and smooth Divided into right and left lobes by falciform lig. of liver 镰状韧带 Visceral surface 脏面,Visceral surface has a H-shaped fissures and grooves Left limb of H Anteriorly: fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis肝圆韧带裂 Posteriorly: fissure for ligame

11、ntum venosum 静脉韧带裂 Right limb of H Anteriorly: fossa for gallbladder 胆囊窝 Posteriorly: sulcus for vena cava 下腔静脉沟,Cross-bar of H is the porta hepatic 肝门: traversed by right and left hepatic ducts, left and right branches of proper hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein, nerves and lymphatic vessels.

12、hepatic pedicle 肝蒂 Four lobes: left, right, quadrate and caudate lobes,Position: Most of liver lies in the right hypochondriac region and epigastric region, less part extending into the left hypochondriac region,Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus,Consists of Gallbladder 胆囊 Left and right hepatic ducts 肝

13、左、右管 Common hepatic duct肝总管 Common bile duct 胆总管,Gallbladder 胆囊,Position :lies in fossa for gallbladder on visceral surface of liver Four parts Fundus of gallbladder 胆囊底 Surface projection: at the junction of right midclavicular line and right costal arch Body of gallbladder 胆囊体 Neck of gallbladder

14、胆囊颈 Cystic duct 胆囊管,Biliary duct system,Right and left hepatic ducts unite outside of liver to form the common hepatic duct Cystic duct joins common hepatic duct to form common bile duct Common bile duct and pancreatic duct usually unite to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla,Bile is secreted by the l

15、iver cells,Common hepatic duct,when the fat enters the small intestine, the gallbladder contracts, the sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla relax,Common bile duct,Major duodenal papilla,Biliary ductuli,Right and left hepatic ducts,Cystic duct,Gallbladder (store, concentrate),Drainage of the bile,Bo

16、undaries: the common hepatic duct on the left, the cystic duct on the right, the liver, superiorily Content: cystic artery,Triangle of Calot,The Pancreas 胰,Shape and Position A soft yellowish lobulated gland Lies behind the peritoneum on the posterior abdominal wall, roughly at the level of of L1L2,Four parts Head Flattened and located in C-shaped curvatune of duodenum Uncinate process Neckconstricted part Body Tailruns in base of lienorenal ligament to reach hilum of spleen,Pancreatic