Development by Cause and Effect.ppt

1、Development by Cause and Effect,制作：刘桦 讲解：赵迪,There are two basic ways of organizing a paragraph developed by cause and effect: state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes; state a cause and then mention the effects,Sample 1 The problem of housing in New York is worse

2、for the Puerto Ricans. Why? The reason is because the Puerto Rican who emigrates is almost always the poor Puerto Rican. He must look for cheap apartments, and cheap apartments almost cannot be found. There are cheap apartments only in the worst areas, and in those areas the buildings are very old,

3、very damp, and full of rats. There are buildings that almost never have heat. There are buildings which many times should be close up by the health department. As a result, in many cases the poor Puerto Rican who arrives in the city will be left with no choice but to go ahead and live in that kind o

4、f undesirable building.,In a paragraph developed by cause and effect, we often ask “why” first and then give the reasons or causes. We can also do the opposite: state the reasons or causes first and then point out their effects.,Sample 2 In the years, the record companies have been competing to brin

5、g out the latest versions of the same piece, but they didnt bother finding out if music fans wanted them. Now they realize their mistake, but too late. Nothing illustrates the problems faxing the classical music industry better than Beethovens Fifth Symphony. With over 100 different compact disc (CD

6、) recordings of the Fifth currently available, this is one example of a popular piece of music which has been recorded too many times. The CD-buying public, it seems, had lost its taste for new recordings of famous pieces.,In this paragraph, although words like “why” or “reason” are not used, but th

7、e cause-effect relationship is clearly implied in the content. The arrangement of this paragraph is that the cause comes first and the effect follows,Adviceabouthowtousecause-effect to develop a paragraph（关于如何用因果关系推展段落的建议）,Before we start to write, we must think carefully and work out a list of caus

8、es and effects, and find out the logical relationship between them. When we write, we had better put the important cause or effect at the beginning of the paragraph. Use some words or phrases that used for discussing cause and effect when it is necessary,Words and phrases used for discussing cause a

9、nd effect,For as since Cause Hence(因此) due to owing to thanks to Thus Therefore why lead to contribute to accordingly, because (of) as a result result in (from) The result of for the sake of,attribute .to . account for on account of For this reason (that) Consequently As a consequence It follows that, So that So as to Such that Now that Seeing that For fear that The effect of Have an effect on Oweto Make it possible Make it possible/impossible for to do,The advantage of using cause-effect,Using cause-effect makes the article more clearly and closely .we can easily catch the main